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用好价格杠杆推动能源变革

2016-11-16 17:04:18   经济日报


近年来,我国可再生能源发展取得了举世瞩目的成就。根据规划,到2020年,我国风电将达2.1亿千瓦以上,太阳能将达1.1亿千瓦以上。图为11月13日国网山东滨州市沾化区供电公司线路巡视工人巡视沿海电力线路,服务风力发电。窦连明摄

风电、光伏等可再生能源与煤电等传统能源相比,电价上并无优势,这也成为限制我国可再生能源进一步扩大规模的关键因素。国家发展和改革委员会近日发布《关于调整新能源标杆上网电价的通知(征求意见稿)》,提出将适当降低保障性收购范围内2018年新建陆上风电和2017年新建光伏发电等新能源标杆上网电价,引发业界热议。

专家表示,可再生能源若想不断扩大市场占比,必须正视与成本低廉的火电等传统能源的竞争,如果要按期完成我国向国际社会承诺的2030年非化石能源占能源消费总量比例达到20%的目标,必须加快可再生能源平价上网步伐。

上网电价持续下调

电价补贴几乎是所有国家在新能源发展初期采取的鼓励措施之一,可谓是新能源产业的“风向标”,电价变动对产业影响巨大。拿光伏行业来说,电价每到一个下调的截止时间点,之前都必将发生一段时间的“抢装潮”。

记者获悉,在最新的征求意见稿中,变化最大的是光伏电价,其中光伏上网电价三类地区分别从每千瓦时0.98元、0.88元、0.80元下调至0.75元、0.65元、0.55元,而屋顶分布式“自发自用余量上网”和“全部自发自用”的补贴由目前执行的0.42元,下调至一类地区0.2元,二类地区0.25元,三类地区0.3元。两种类型的电价最高降幅分别达到31.2%和52.4%。此外,2018年陆上风电电价比原计划再降0.03元,海上风电电价也将下调0.05元。

工信部电子信息司电子基础处处长王威伟透露,随着产业规模的扩大,投资成本持续降低,比如,从“十二五”初期到现在,光伏发电的硬件成本下降了70%。

(下转第二版)

此前,华电、昌盛日电更以每千瓦时0.52元的上网电价成功中标包头光伏领跑者基地项目,与一类风能资源区标杆上网电价仅差0.01元。

除了成本大幅下降,财政补贴资金缺口较大是电价下调的直接原因。国家能源局副局长李仰哲坦言:“截至今年上半年,可再生能源补贴缺口累计达到550亿元,原有的补贴模式难以为继。”

世界上没有任何一个行业是可以依靠补贴持续发展下去的。光伏、风电、光热等新能源,未来谁的成本下降更快,谁就会占有更多的市场份额,一个背负巨额补贴的行业不可能成为一个国家电力供应的主要能源。

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