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养老金收支凸显地区不平衡 陕西等6省2015年收不抵支

2016-09-06 10:55:13   人民网-中国经济周刊

原标题:养老金收支凸显地区不平衡 陕西等6省2015年收不抵支

黑龙江企业养老保险收支情况恶化已经不是“新闻”。

2015年3月,全国两会期间,黑龙江省省长陆昊曾在发言中提出,当地养老金赡养比(编者注:即抚养比,指参保职工人数与领取养老保险待遇人数的比值)达到了1.42:1。

正在现场参加黑龙江代表团审议的李克强总理立刻询问:“现在有养老金当期欠发的问题吗?”

陆昊直言:“今年(2015年)没有问题,但明年、后年可能会出现困难。”

2016年8月,人社部社会保险事业管理中心发布《中国社会保险发展年度报告2015》(下称《报告》),其中披露的数据印证了陆昊对于黑龙江养老金收支情况严峻的判断。

养老金收支凸显地区“不平衡”;

陕西等6省份当期收不抵支

《报告》显示,截至2015年底,企业参保离退休人数增幅为6.5%,再度高于企业参保职工人数2.7%的增幅,延续了2012年来的趋势,并由此导致抚养比连续4年下滑,于2015年达到2.88:1。

如果说不到三位企业养老保险参保职工供养一位企业退休者反映了人口老龄化的趋势,那么《报告》所呈现的各地养老金收支情况的不平衡则可谓切实的“忧虑”。

以抚养比、结余与可支付月数三个指标衡量养老金收支情况,《报告》披露的数据显示,广东以9.74:1的抚养比位居全国首位,其6158亿元的结余更是可供支付52.8个月。相比之下,黑龙江的抚养比则是1.33:1,而88亿元的结余仅供支付一个月。

此外,2015年,黑龙江企业养老保险基金收入925亿元,支出1108亿元,继续当期收不抵支。此前,黑龙江省财政厅社会保障处处长冯广栋接受媒体采访时表示,随着人口老龄化问题的加剧和赡养比的逐年攀高,近年来养老保险不可持续问题已越来越突显。从2011年起,养老金当期就开始出现入不抵支,且缺口逐年加大。

黑龙江当地企业,特别是国企,已经明显感受到养老金收支情况恶化所带来的压力。8月初,中国社会保障学会曾组织调研组赴黑龙江开展养老保险专题调研,参与此次调研的北京大学教授李玲向《中国经济周刊》记者表示,当地企业养老金的缴费率可达到22%。“我们调研的一个民营企业大概只给三分之一的员工缴费,可以通过签订短期合同等方式逃避,但国企没法逃避这些负担,越是这样国企压力越大,也越难以发展。”

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