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专家建言网约车管制数量应设过度期 谨防灰色地带

2016-08-30 15:34:54   光明网

距离《网络预约出租汽车经营服务管理暂行办法》(以下简称《暂行办法》)出台已经过去了一个月,各地细则的落地成为近期热点。8月29日,去产能 新经济——网约车发展在江苏研讨会在南京东南大学召开,来自交通、法规专家,网约车平台、江苏省本土司机以及江苏省交通厅相关负责人,对即将出台的网约车实施细则展开讨论。

最近一个月,兰州和济南纷纷出台初步方案。中国政法大学副教授王军认为,《暂行办法》授权给地方政府来制定,如果地方政府采取了计划经济的做法,在《暂行办法》中“司机和平台的劳动关系”以及“网约车60万公里的退出标准”这两个条款就被架空了。“这(两条)才是给分享经济,给兼职网约车提供了空间。”王军说。

考虑到我国交通出行行业“潮汐”的特征,兼职网约车的存在才是最有价值的。如果地方对数量和价格进行管制,绝大多数网约车司机将是全职,这也失去了分享经济的意义。“地方政府实施了数量管制和运量管制,一个城市搞一万辆网约车,肯定是专职在做,相当于增加了一类专门通过网络来打车的出租车,城市小汽车的保有量会增加,从长远看是加固、延伸了原来的出租车病。跟原来网约车不一回事,所以地方细则会起到关键作用。”王军说。

滴滴出行副总裁王欣介绍,滴滴平台75%到80%都是兼职司机,这些司机在高峰期时会给平台运力提供充足保证。通过兼职方式可以更好解决“潮汐”的出行问题,同时也可以让老百姓出行更加便利。王欣坦言,在制定过程中,各地政府应该充分考虑到互联网经济的特点,能够充分给兼职司机更多的空间。

此外,东南大学交通法治与发展研究中心执行主任顾大松还担心,如果对网约车数量进行管控,还会形成新的权利行空。深圳市政协委员、深圳职业技术学院物流系副教授王雪同意此观点,“监管部门在分配当中,一旦数量管控涉及到具体数量如何分配的问题,在分配过程当中就一定会有灰色地带存在。”另一方面,严格管控数量会造成供给集聚下滑,老百姓打车难问题重现,价格也将上涨。

那么数量究竟该怎么管制?王军提出了颇有建设性意义的观点:设置一个过渡期并不断修正。“一下子放开数量,可能很多地方政府很艰难做这个决定,因为这是十几年、二十几年的做法,是不是可以探讨,在指导意见所要求的逐步实现市场调节的原则下,设定一个两三年的过渡期,在过渡期里可以实施一定限度的数量控制,然后来看这个效果,逐步来放开。”

王军认为,对于数量管控的手段,也应该循序渐进,而不是一开始就拿出最强制的手段。“从理论上说,限制数量的手段由强到弱有三种。第一个最笨最坏最直接,规定一个数量,这个肯定不合理;第二通过司机的资质,车辆的车况、服务水准实行间接限制;第三是针对网约车现状,逐步放开专职网约车,对兼职网约车是不限制的,这种方式设定一个过渡期,在数量上控制。”

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