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联合国儿基会发布报告 呼吁各国支持儿童早期发展

2017-09-22 15:12:10   中国经济网

经济日报-中国经济网纽约9月22日讯(记者朱旌 汪璐)联合国儿基会9月21日在纽约总部发布的《早期时刻对每个儿童都很重要》的报告指出,全球只有15个国家具有确保父母获得必要的时间和资源来支持其幼儿大脑发育的三项基本政策。32个国家完全没有这些政策,那里生活着全球八分之一5岁以下儿童。

报告指出,幼儿出生头六个月的母乳喂养带薪假期、六个月的带薪产假、四周的带薪陪产假以及两年的免费学前教育为幼儿获得最优发育奠定了基础。这些政策有助于父母更好地保护自己的孩子,并在儿童大脑发育最关键时期提供更好的营养、游戏和早期学习体验。

报告指出,具有三项基本政策的国家包括古巴、法国、葡萄牙、俄罗斯和瑞典。但是,到目前为止全球32个国家仍然没有任何相关政策,那里生活着8500万五岁以下的儿童,其中有40%集中在美国和孟加拉国两个国家。

联合国儿基会执行主任莱克表示,在儿童大脑发育最关键的时期,儿基会需要做更多的工作,让孩子的父母和照顾者获得必要的支持。

报告还强调,全球有数以百万计的五岁以下儿童正在缺乏激励的不安全环境中成长,其中包括5500万生活在受冲突影响地区的五岁以下儿童;另有1.55亿因营养不良、不健康的环境和疾病而发育迟缓的5岁以下的儿童。

报告指出,对儿童早期发育的投资将为今后带来显著的经济增长。一项研究表明,经历过早期学习的贫困家庭的儿童成年后获得的薪水比未经早期学习的儿童要高出25%。但平均而言,全球各国政府只有不到2%的教育预算用于幼儿的教育计划。

报告呼吁各国政府和私营部门,支持儿童早期发展的基本国策,包括在家庭、学校、社区和医院投资和扩大幼儿发展服务;提供两年的免费学前教育、产假和母乳喂养费;让参加工作的父母获得所需时间和资源帮助幼儿期的大脑发育;收集和分类关于幼儿发展的数据,并跟踪关于最脆弱儿童和家庭的进展。

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