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北京保障性住房“职住分离” 日通勤平均耗时近3小时

2017-09-21 18:47:06   中国青年网

2017年9月21日,《社会建设蓝皮书:2017年北京社会建设分析报告》在京举行。中国网记者 董小迪 摄

中国网新闻9月21日讯(记者 董小迪)作为常住人口增速最快的城市,长期以来,北京人口资源环境约束与不断增长的住房需求之间的矛盾越来越突出,中低收入家庭在支付房价方面普遍面临着问题。

为此,北京市政府出台了一系列政策,推动保障性住房建设与供给。从2006年起,廉租住房与公共租赁住房的比重大幅增加,保障范围持续扩大。“十一五”期间,北京累计开工建设、收购各类保障性住房48.5万套;“十二五”期间,北京市保障性住房累计开工100.9万套。

然而,北京工业大学人文社会科学学院社会学系助理研究员王敏在对北京市保障性住房的研究中发现,由于中低收入家庭多从事密集于中心城区的服务业等第三产业,而保障性住房分布集中于五环以外区域且交通通达性差,不仅难以缓解长期以来北京常住人口职住分离的状况,而且更易于形成新的压力。

2016年北京市统计局发布的人口分布数据显示,北京常住人口居住地主要分布在朝阳区、海淀区和丰台区,分别为395.5万人、369.4万人、232.4万人;工作地主要分布在海淀区、朝阳区和西城区,并具有继续向中心区域集中的趋势。

而从保障性住房建设情况看,朝阳区租赁型保障性住房的规模最大,其次为海淀区和丰台区;自住型商品房建设上,朝阳区项目总量最多,为12项,之后依次为顺义区11项、大兴区9项,丰台、通州和房山区各5项。

“以朝阳区的12个自住型商品房项目为例,比较其与国贸CBD之间的距离可以发现,12个项目的平均距离为15.4公里,其中最远的项目(东洲家园)距离20.4公里,这意味着个人日公共交通通勤平均耗时2.59小时。”王敏表示。

此外,王敏发现,近20年来,北京保障性住房供给状况与房地产调控政策周期呈现出高度的一致性,可以说在一定程度上,住房保障政策更多表现为对住房市场状况的“相机抉择”。

例如,2003年国发[2003]18号文件将“增加普通商品住房供应”“以商品住房取代经济适用房成为住房供应体系的主要形式”确定为国家住房政策发展方向,结束了1999年以来经济适用房建设的持续增长期。然而,2005年,在经济适用房投资总量低位运行不到一年后,商品住房价格迅猛上涨,政策再次选择增加经济适用房供给量以调控房价。2006年,经济适用房投资恢复性上涨。

“虽然北京在保障性住房制度方面取得了显著成绩,已经初步形成了较完备的多层次、分梯度的保障性住房体系,但长期以来,北京的保障性住房供给都在充当房地产短期调控的工具,既不是由中低收入家庭的实际需求量决定的,也缺乏稳定的供应机制。”王敏表示。

因此,王敏认为,反思政府在住房保障中的干预边界,厘清住房保障与房地产调控机制的关系,改变其不可持续性,是住房政策领域亟需解决的问题。

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