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我国火星探测任务总设计师:首次火星探测相关载荷已基本确定

2017-09-20 16:02:03   国际在线

新华网北京9月20日电(王莹)20日上午,第三届北京月球与深空探测国际论坛在北京开幕,论坛以“太阳系探测的科学与技术”为主题,主要内容包括2030年前主要航天国家(组织)关于月球、火星和小行星探测规划;行星科学研究的新进展和未来五到十年的热点问题;月球和其它地外天体返回样品研究的方法、手段和科学进展;深空探测新方法与有效载荷新技术。

开幕式上,中国科学院重大任务局徐帆江副局长介绍指出,月球与深空探测是当今世界极具挑战性、创新性与科学技术带动性的航天活动之一。进入新世纪以来,世界各国都相继制定了长远的深空探测计划,再次掀起新一轮空间探测热潮,并呈现出“参与国家越来越多,国际合作越来越广泛和深入”的特点。我国自2004年实施探月工程以来,圆满完成了嫦娥一号、嫦娥二号、嫦娥三号科学探测任务,获得了大量科学探测数据,取得了一系列重大科学成果。特别是利用嫦娥三号科学探测数据,中国科学家们首次解译了着陆区月壤和月壳浅层结构特性,发现了一种新型玄武岩,这些成果得到国际同行高度认可和评价,很多成果都属于国际首次。

探月与航天工程中心副主任于国斌也在开幕式上表示,当前,人类深空探测活动已进入空前活跃的新发展时期,“月球建站”和“火星优先”成为快速发展的两个主要方向。从目前到2030年左右,主要航天国家计划实施16次无人或机器人月球探测任务。对于火星的探测,在技术发展水平上,国际上已实现对火星的掠飞、环绕、着陆、巡视探测。火星成为主要航天国家的探测热点和空间技术战略制高点,成为行星探测的首选目标,火星探测将会出现技术上高新发展、科学上全新发现的局面。

对于月球探测,于国斌表示,全球面临着共同的科学目标,即探测月球的空间和表面环境、地形地貌、地质构造、资源与能源的分布和利用;研究月球、类地行星与太阳系的形成演化历史和特征等。中国在月球后续任务中,将把月球科学综合探测、月基平台科学观测和月球资源利用试验作为三个主要科学研究方向。

对此,徐帆江表示,未来,中国还将继续实施小行星采样返回、火星采样返回、木星系及行星际穿越探测、月球科研站、载人空间站、爱因斯坦探针(EP)、先进天基太阳天文台(ASO-S)等多项空间科学探测计划,多学科领域的科学实验、技术试验和科学应用与研究预期将会获得一大批原创性重大科学产出。

对于公众普遍关心的火星探测,我国首次火星探测任务工程总设计师张荣桥表示,计划于2020年前后实施的火星探测目前进展顺利,探测任务中将完成对火星的环绕和着陆巡视探索,收集火星的空间环境、形貌特征、表层结构、大气环境等重要数据。目前,中国的火星探测工程正在按计划稳步进行,正对预期的科学目标进行预先研究。据介绍,我国首次火星探测的相关载荷也已经基本确定,探测器总共有13种有效载荷,其中环绕器7种、火星车6种,涉及空间环境探测、火星表面探测、火星表层结构探测等领域。

据悉,本届论坛为期三天(2017年9月20日至22日),将有来自国内外200多位专家学者出席。论坛组委会共收到中外科学家提交的135篇报告,论坛期间共安排3篇特邀报告、80篇分组报告和52份海报展示。

作为由中国科学院主办、中国科学院月球与深空探测总体部承办的国际性学术交流活动,北京月球与深空探测国际论坛每两年举办一次,以“太阳系探测的科学与技术”为大主题,旨在通过广泛交流研讨国际月球与深空探测活动的最新进展和取得的成果,进一步推进我国在月球与深空探测领域科学研究、技术发展和战略规划等方面的国际合作,首届和第二届论坛分别于2013年9月、2015年9月成功举办。

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