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那个“拯救世界于核战边缘”的人走了

2017-09-20 08:02:25   中国青年网

“在好莱坞电影中,水平高超的导演和技巧出众的演员可以把一个小小的情节拉长到半个小时,而我们当时的情景是,从我下达命令到全球核战之间最长只有5分钟的时间。”

——斯坦尼斯拉夫·彼得罗夫

据外媒9月19日报道,曾在冷战期间避免美国和苏联擦枪走火、发动相互核攻击的苏联军官斯坦尼斯拉夫·彼得罗夫逝世,终年77岁。

阻止核战

1983年,彼得罗夫驻于莫斯科一个核攻击早期预警基地。当年9月26日凌晨,仪器显示多枚导弹正从美国袭来。彼得罗夫判断,这项预警是假警报,决定不向上级报告。他这个决定很可能阻止了一场核战争。多年以后,彼得罗夫当时所做的决定,才为世人所知。彼得罗夫于今年5月在家中与世长辞,其死讯近日才公开。

彼得罗夫曾于2013年接受BBC俄语访问,详述1983年9月26日凌晨发生的事。“电脑的读数很齐全(显示正有导弹袭来)。如果我将其上报,没有人会质疑的。”彼得罗夫当时忆述。

“我只需要拨出电话,直接通报上级就可以了——但我却感到不能动弹,觉得自己好像被困在一只热锅之中。”根据规定,他应该立即向上级汇报;在1983年那种政治环境下,几乎可以肯定,苏联肯定会还击。但彼得罗夫却致电军方总部,报告说仪器出现了系统故障。

冷静判断

多年以后,彼得罗夫自述了判断的依据:美国至少有1000枚弹道导弹常年处于战备值勤状态,如果要向苏联开战,它还不至于笨到在首轮打击中只发射5枚导弹,因为这远远无法摧毁苏联的反击能力,而且这也跟苏联军事情报部门拟定的美国可能发动攻击的诸多方案大相径庭。

如果彼得罗夫的判断是错误的话,美国“导弹”在数分钟后就会在苏联坠落。“但过了23分钟,外面还是什么事都没有。如果真的有核弹袭来,早该知道了。我当时松了一口气。”后来的调查证实,苏联的卫星错误地将云层反射的阳光误测为洲际导弹的引擎。

叛逃西方的苏联驻英国大使馆的前克格勃第二负责人奥列格·戈迪夫斯基2003年在美国的《巴尔的摩太阳报》撰文写道:“如果当时斯坦尼斯拉夫·彼得罗夫中校一念之误下达了反击命令,那么,美国本土也至少会有30%的工业城市被夷为平地。随即在华约和北约两大军事集团之间爆发的武装冲突将把全人类拖入万劫不复的灾难中。”

英雄逝世

据报道,彼得罗夫退休时位居中校。2004年,仅靠少得可怜的退休金养家糊口、在莫斯科远郊一个小镇上度日如年的彼得罗夫,受到了“世界公民联盟”组织的礼赞和褒奖。在应邀前往联合国总部举世发表演讲时,他多次提到自己只是“审时度势地履行了自己应尽的职责,而并非一位‘我们时代被忘却的英雄’”。然而,台下的一些听众却异口同声地向他高喊:“衷心感谢您使我们得以今天还活在世界上!”

今年5月19日,彼得罗夫在家中过世,但其逝世的消息一直到这个月才因为一通电话而为世所知。将彼得罗夫的故事公之于世的,是德国电影人舒马赫。舒马赫9月7日致电彼得罗夫,想祝他生日快乐,却被其子告知彼得罗夫已不在人世。舒马赫之后在社交网站上公布彼得罗夫的死讯,媒体才得以知悉。

本报综合报道

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