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世界首台自主式种植牙手术机器人在西安问世

2017-09-19 16:51:59   央广网

央广网西安9月19日消息(记者刘涛)日前空军军医大学口腔医院种植科手术室内,在我国著名口腔修复学专家赵铱民教授及其团队辅助操作下,一台自主式种植牙手术机器人根据预先设定指令,成功为一名女性完成了两颗缺牙的种植即刻修复。这一手术的成功实施,标志着世界首台自主式种植牙手术机器人问世,口腔疾病治疗迈入了机器人时代。

牙齿缺失是影响健康和生活质量的重要疾病之一。流行病学调查显示,我国约有4亿缺牙患者,种植牙是他们青睐的治疗方式,每年植入种植体近百万颗。目前,我国经过系统专业化培训的种植医生少,技术水平参差不齐,难以提供足量高水平的医疗服务,导致术后并发症较高;由于口内空间狭小,有些区域难以直视,医生操作困难,也影响治疗效果。特别是在多颗牙种植时,人为误差会导致位置偏差,难以实现即刻修复。因此,各国口腔医生都在寻找更精准的治疗技术。

2013年,空军军医大学口腔医院与北京航空航天大学机器人研究所立项,共同研发种植牙机器人。他们研究了一种无需空间配准的机械式空间融合定位方法,突破了机器人配准操作复杂的瓶颈技术,实现了高精度空间定位,设计出自主式种植牙手术机器人构型,能在空间狭小的口内灵活地完成手术操作。开发出口腔种植规划手术导航机器人控制软件系统,实现了个性化种植方案精准规划、术中全程导航与机器人自主控制。在多次动物实验基础上,建立了口腔种植手术机器人临床工作程序,完成了缺牙患者的种植即刻修复,降低了手术难度,提高了手术效果。与传统方法相比,种植牙机器人具有精准、高效、微创、安全等优点。

记者在手术现场看到,医护人员首先为患者佩戴上3D打印的定位标识,在口内、外规划好机器人运动路径,机器人自动采集并记录这些数据,同时对机器人进行模拟测试和数据校正,然后为患者进行消毒铺巾,实施局部麻醉。手术开始后,只见种植牙手术机器人的机械“手臂”按照规划路径自主精准运动到预定位置,并依据医生设计的种植体位置、角度和深度进行窝洞预备,接着将种植体拧入窝洞中,术中机器人会随着患者头部的移动迅速做出随动调整,最后由医生装戴基台和预先打印出的牙冠。两颗牙治疗过程在1小时内完成,牙冠戴入顺利,咬合、美观均达到预期效果。经测试,植入种植体精度误差为0.2mm-0.3mm,种植体的稳定性完全达标。

赵铱民教授介绍,手术机器人分为两类:一类是非自主式,即机器人实际是由医生手动操作,通过机械臂将手术操作完成的更加精细,目前大部分医用机器人属于此类。另一类是自主式,它可将专家经验与技术融合在机器人程序中,由机器人自主实施手术过程,避免由主观因素引起的失误。这次研发的自主式种植牙机器人具有完全的自主知识产权,其创新点在于:首创了机械式空间融合定位方法,提高了手术精度;可在非直视条件下自主实施精细的手术;能与3D打印技术结合,实现植入后的即刻义齿修复。这次成功手术是机器人技术用于口腔医学领域的一个良好开端,也是响应中央自主创新号召,发展中国自己的高端医疗装备的一次成功尝试。研发团队将继续改进相关技术,完善其功能,使其早日得到广泛应用,为进一步提升国际口腔医学整体水平发挥重要作用。

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