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美太阳能研发转向 欲攻克电网稳定和电能储存难题

2017-09-19 16:18:25   中国经济网

美太阳能研发转向聚光发电技术

重点攻克电网稳定和电能储存难题

科技日报北京9月18日电 (记者聂翠蓉)据《麻省理工技术评论》杂志报道,美国能源部近日宣布投资6200万美元,加大太阳能产业另一项重大技术——聚光太阳能发电的研发,以攻克太阳能电网稳定性、修复性以及电能储存等关键难题。

目前太阳能发电厂主要基于两种技术将太阳能转换成电能:一种是光伏发电技术,需要配备昂贵的电池组或外部储能技术,只在艳阳高照时才能运转供电;第二种是聚光太阳能发电技术,通过透镜等将太阳光聚焦,利用获得的能量将水转化成蒸汽推动汽轮机运转,太阳能部分转化成热能储存在系统配备的熔盐罐中,可在夜晚或阴雨天持续供电。

2011年,为增加太阳能发电的竞争力,美国能源部提出“射日计划”,希望能在2020年将太阳能每瓦时的单价从4美元降到1美元。因此,能源部和公私企业偏重研发更易实现的光伏发电技术,并在今年初提前完成预期目标。聚光发电技术则因成本更高及技术难度更大被长期忽略。

美国能源部这次宣布研究转向,希望在太阳能单价实现预期目标后,重点攻克能提高太阳能电网稳定性和持续性的聚光太阳能技术。虽然有人质疑这可能是特朗普政府在为“抑制快速发展的光伏发电对化石燃料的威胁”打掩护,但多位能源专家对这次技术转向表达了支持,认为聚光发电在储存太阳能方面比光伏发电更具优势。

加州大学圣迭戈分校能源政策研究人员大卫·维克托表示:“目前存在对光伏发电投资过度和聚光发电投入不足的问题,能源部的新计划将掀起聚光太阳能研发的热潮。”乔治梅森大学科学技术与创新政策中心主任大卫·哈特也认为,光伏发电技术业已成熟,需要解决的问题不再是技术层面,而是如何扩大规模,这些私企就能解决。政府部门可拿出更多资金发展尚未成熟的聚光发电技术,解决太阳能发展面临的深层次难题。

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