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老北京中秋习俗 兔儿爷原来这么神

2017-09-19 16:17:31   央广网

兔儿爷,图片来自《幸绘京城守艺人》

中秋节快到了,琳琅满目的各色月饼早已上市。在老北京,过中秋除了吃月饼,还有一件同等重要的事情,那就是拜兔儿爷。拜完了,能工巧匠制作的兔儿爷就成孩子们的玩具了。

如今,制作兔儿爷的手艺人越来越少。面对曾经美好的记忆,不少人开始关注手艺人,“幸绘计划”的发起人何思倩就是其中之一。在北京工商大学艺术与传媒学院任教的何思倩,毕业于清华大学美术学院工业设计系,多次获得国际设计奖项。三年来,她和她的学生们组成了“幸绘工艺侦探团”,走遍京城,用画笔记录下了19位京城守艺人不为人知的匠作生活与造物哲学。

他们的寻访成果《幸绘京城守艺人》将于近日出版,这本精美而充满温情的手绘图册带人们走进市井匠人默默耕耘、认真生活的小日子,使人真切感受到隐藏在胡同深处的京城守艺人的匠人精神。

“兔儿爷张”张忠强,图片来自《幸绘京城守艺人》

本文介绍的兔儿爷传承人张忠强便是“幸绘计划”寻访到的一位京城守艺人。

兔儿爷险些绝迹

兔儿爷,作为老北京人最喜欢的民俗玩具曾经风靡数百年,制作技艺由一代代匠人传承直至今天。“幸绘工艺侦探团”在前门的一条小胡同里找到了一位制作兔儿爷的老手艺人——兔儿爷张。

一进杨梅竹斜街,就能看到老北京兔儿爷的店,虽然店面不大,但是店里喜庆的色调以及玻璃窗后一座巨大的兔儿爷像足够吸引路人的眼球。窄窄的小店摆满了大大小小、颜色形状各异的兔儿爷。仔细一瞅,兔爷儿们骑着不同的动物,有老虎、大象和麒麟;表情也各不相同,有的兔子比较“萌”、有的比较“囧”、有的比较“严肃”,让人爱不释手。

小店的主人是兔儿爷第五代传承人张忠强,他正坐在桌前聚精会神地用毛笔勾勒兔儿爷的表情。张忠强祖籍河北,上世纪50年代全家迁入北京,落户琉璃厂地区,爷爷、父亲都是手艺人。说起兔儿爷,便勾起了张忠强的童年记忆,那时孩子们在一块儿玩,谁要是有个兔儿爷,保准得到羡慕的目光。当时张家并不富裕,所以年幼的他总想着:啥时自己也能拥有兔儿爷。

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