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探索火星50多年 NASA到底找什么?
2017-09-17 08:01:38 中国青年网
美国航天局(NASA)称在火星表面发现了有液态水活动的“强有力”证据。不过,关于火星有水的猜测已经不是什么新话题。自1965年美国的“水手4号”飞过火星,人类探索火星已经50多年。更准确地说,美国航天局或其他国家的机构,到底想找到什么?火星有水,然后呢?事实上,除了水和生命,火星还可能藏有更大的秘密。
NASA证实火星有液态水
与探测生命迹象相比,火星是否存在水的问题更受关注。人们普遍认为,水是生命存在的前提。美国航天局2015年9月召开新闻发布会,发言人名单中佐治亚理工学院博士生卢恩德拉·奥杰哈的出现把重大新闻“剧透”了8成。没错,又是水。更准确地说,美国航天局宣布的重大新闻,关键词并非是“发现”,而是“证实”:在“某些情况下,火星上有液态水存在”。
而奥杰哈2011年借助美国火星勘测轨道飞行器的观测数据,在火星表面关于现今火星液态水活动的发现,则被认为是火星表面现存液态水活动迄今最直接的证据。“恭喜!这是人类第1000次在火星发现水,”就连火星勘测轨道飞行器著名科学家艾尔弗雷德·麦克尤恩也喜欢开这个行星科学家圈流行的玩笑。的确,这不是科学家第一次在火星发现水。早就有科学家发现,火星曾有面积比北冰洋还大的海洋,火星北极存在冰冻水……不过,奥杰哈的发现,关键词不再是“曾经”或者“冰”,而是“现在”和“液态”。
有水就意味有生命?
可是,找到这种含盐量极高的“卤水”有什么了不起?麦克尤恩指出,依据人类现有的认知,在地球上有水的地方,几乎就会有生命存在。这并不是人类在火星第一次找到生命可能存在的线索。“好奇”号火星车此前已在火星发现了来源未知的甲烷气体以及其他有机分子,并被广泛认为是原始生命存在的潜在迹象,但科学家认为,这不足以证明火星上曾经有微生物存在。
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