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学者表示努力为和平权提供中国理念中国方案

2017-09-15 18:31:42   国际在线

国际在线报道(记者 隋艳霞):和平是全人类共同的追求。去年底,第七十一届联合国大会通过了《和平权利宣言》,庄严宣布人人有权享有和平。这是国际人权理论发展的又一重大进步,为应对当前世界和平安全、发展、社会治理等挑战增添了新的有力武器。近日,中国人权理论研究者在南京举行专题研讨会,对和平权的理论基础、内涵发展以及中国的和平权理念等议题进行了深入探讨。

人类基于对和平的崇高追求,为免于战争灾难,实现持续繁荣发展,提出了和平权这一庄严而神圣的人权概念。但长期以来,东西方国家对和平人权的定义一直存在分歧。中国人权研究会顾问,联合国经济、社会、文化权利委员会专家陈士球认为,《和平权利宣言》在联合国大会的通过对国际人权理论的发展具有里程碑意义。“宣言确认了和平是人权,从而确立了和平人权的国际法的法律地位,这个意义非同小可。它从法律方面和政治方面确认了和平权是一项固有的人权,全人类人民均有享有和平的神圣权利。和平人权的确立标志着和平这个概念在人类的认识上,从美好的追求、愿望发展成为一种权利的概念。”

南开大学人权研究中心主任常健认为,和平权是享受和平生活的权利。所谓和平生活,是指不遭受有组织的暴力及其威胁。从这个角度来看,和平权的内涵应该包括四个层次的内容: “第一个层次,就是应该采取各种手段来消除暴力和暴力威胁,这在和平学研究中一般被归为“消极和平”;第二个层次就是要消除暴力产生的原因;第三个层次,就是我们在制止暴力、消除暴力的过程中,采取的手段可能是和平的,也可能是暴力的。那么对这些暴力的手段本身要加以限制,(防止为消除暴力而滥用暴力);第四个层次是和平解决各种争端。”

谈到如何以和平方式解决争端,保障和平权,中央党校国际战略研究院李云龙教授表示,现有的国际法体系已经有足够的手段落实平权,而其中最基础的就是《联合国宪章》。他说:“联合国宪章一个主要的功能,就是要维护和平,反对战争,所以,通过更加严格地全面地实施《联合国宪章》基本的宗旨和原则,落实《联合国宪章》维护和平的各项规定,就能够很顺利地保障和平权。再有呢,从政治上、从历史发展的角度看,要更长远地、长久地保障和平权,还是要通过各国的政治上的合作、经济上的合作,通过各国文化上的相互了解,通过世界各国的共同发展,来实现和平权。”

中华民族是一个酷爱和平的民族,和平是中华文明核心价值诉求之一。多年来,中国坚持独立自主的和平外交政策,在国际上首倡“和平共处五项原则”。党的十八大以来,习近平总书记提出了一系列关于中国和平发展的重要思想,其中,“构建人类命运共同体”重大理念已相继被载入联合国决议、联合国安理会决议、联合国人权理事会决议,成为国际人权话语体系的重要议题。与会专家们表示,人类命运共同体与和平权是相互促进、相互作用的两个事物。和平权是构建人类命运共同体的基石;而构建人类命运共同体的路径,既要有和平主义、和平价值观等观念、理念,还要筑牢和平的基础,以及文明相互融合互建。在和平权理论的发展过程中,中国已经做出了自己的贡献。正如中国人权研究会副会长、中央党校原副校长李君如所说:“中国在实现从站起来、富起来到强起来的历史飞跃中,为保障人类发展权已经做出了示范性的贡献。中国让七亿多人摆脱贫困,为落实联合国千年减贫计划也做出了重大贡献。中国同样能够在创造包括对话在内的和平方式解决地区冲突和国内国际矛盾,构建世界和平世界观的进程中,为和平权的权威性做出我们的历史性贡献,能够形成和平权的中国理念、中国建议、中国方案。”

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