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雪豹类别从濒危降为易危 专家:不应放松对其保护及研究

2017-09-15 17:11:42   央广网

央广网北京9月15日消息(记者刘飞)据中国之声《新闻晚高峰》报道,当地时间9月14日,世界自然保护联盟(IUCN)在其官方网站发布的一篇文章中提到,基于新的可用数据,雪豹(Panthera uncia)被从濒危(EN)类别调整为易危(VU)类别。

“濒危”或是“易危”这些类别,是物种在世界自然保护联盟的濒危物种红色名录中的分类。该名录通常被认为是记录全球动植物物种保护现状较为全面的名录,也是反映生物多样性状况的权威指标之一。

从等级上来看,从濒危(EN)到易危(VU)通常被说成是“降级”了。去年大熊猫的濒危等级曾被从“濒危”调整为了“易危”,当时引起了我国舆论的关注。世界自然保护联盟红色名录显示,由于中国持续不懈努力,大熊猫数量在缓慢增加,因此对大熊猫的评级从“濒危”降为“易危”。

当时针对世界自然保护联盟将大熊猫保护级别降低的情况,国家林业局曾回应称,作为大熊猫保护管理部门,着眼于实际工作情况和保护形势,认为大熊猫仍然是濒危的物种。

而此次,雪豹濒危等级的调整,有研究者担心会影响公众对雪豹研究和保护情况的认识。所谓的“降级”会对我国具体的雪豹研究和保护工作产生影响吗?我国雪豹研究和保护面临的最新情况如何?

世界自然保护联盟(IUCN)官方网站信息显示,从1986年到2008年当中的7次评定中,雪豹的濒危等级都是濒危类别。在当前版本的名单中,雪豹已经显示为易危(Vulnerable)。

对于调整的原因,世界自然保护联盟官方网站中披露,在2008年的评定中误用了数据,从而得出了一个较低的数字,将雪豹误定为了“濒危”类别。此外,近期的调查资料表明,雪豹在一些区域的密度比之前认为的要高,其数量规模也就可能更大。综合这些原因,从“濒危”到“易危”的认定,算不上一个改变。

而濒危物种红色名录中将雪豹认定为“易危”是因为两组数据,一是估计其全球数量中,成熟个体不足1万只,但超过2500只,还有估算其数量在22.62年内减少至少10%。

对于给雪豹定级的数据,多年进行雪豹研究与保护项目的山水自然保护中心三江源项目负责人赵翔表示:“这实际是争议根源所在,雪豹物种的分布区域非常广阔,现在所有机构加起来的抽样区域约占雪豹栖息地的2%。大家是用这2%的栖息地估算了雪豹的种群数量。这个数字是否能满足‘降级’的标准?濒危需要两点,一是要可繁殖个体要低于2500只,二是在过去的16年内整个种群的数量下降20%。这两个都有争议,因为没有基本数据,现在做的调查集中在2%的区域内。”

濒危物种红色名录中对于雪豹数量的具体描述也明确,对于全球范围雪豹的数量规模没有有力测量,各种数据倾向于是基于推算得出。

三江源国家公园生态保护处处长张德海也指出,目前国际上使用的数字是估算出的,没有准确数字。当地对于对雪豹的保护和研究,他指出不会因其在濒危物种红色名录中等级被调整而有所放松。

张德海表示,经过多年的工作,如今我国在对雪豹及其栖息地的研究和保护上有所进展。

虽然将雪豹从濒危调整到了易危,世界自然保护联盟仍旧明确指出,由于栖息地丧失和退化、猎物减少以及非法野生动物贸易等因素,雪豹的数量仍在下降,仍然面临灭绝的高风险。

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