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继熊猫“降级”后 世界自然保护联盟称雪豹也不濒危

2017-09-15 09:41:58   中国青年网

大熊猫被“降级”后,雪豹也被“降级”了!

9月15日,世界自然保护联盟(IUCN)官网发布消息称,基于新的雪豹种群调查数据,他们已经将雪豹(Panthera uncia)从濒危(EN)类别,“降级”为易危(VU)类别。

IUCN的这一“降级”决定,遭到了国内外一些雪豹研究者和保护人员的质疑。

雪豹。视觉中国 资料图

质疑

15日,美国动物学家、自然保护者、雪豹研究专家乔治?夏勒(George Schaller)通过邮件告诉澎湃新闻(www.thepaper.cn),对雪豹保护来说,不仅仅关注数字就够了。近亲繁殖、猎杀、栖息地破碎化等威胁摆在面前,哪怕只是损失少数雪豹个体,对其小种群来说,后果也是极为严重的。

即便是对雪豹种群数量这一数字,夏勒也表示了担忧。

他在邮件中说,目前被广泛使用的雪豹种群数字,只是现有调查条件下的最佳估计。但是这些调查区域相对于实际的雪豹分布领域来说实在是太少了。大约全球60%的雪豹都在中国境内,但人们对这一区域的雪豹又有多少了解呢?比如,人们目前对昆仑山脉的雪豹种群就知之甚少。

夏勒表示,IUCN的“降级”,传递给公众信息是,可能目前的保护已经够了。大熊猫在不久前也被IUCN降级了,可是中国仅存大约2000只大熊猫野生个体,它们还被阻隔成26个孤立的小种群。种群越是孤立,面临的问题越大。

15日,北京林业大学野生动物研究所所长、教授时坤告诉澎湃新闻,“首先是无奈。另外,我觉得,IUCN的这一‘降级’对中国的保护和救助雪豹的影响微乎其微。IUCN的评级是基于专家意见,并不具有绝对权威。中国对野生动物的保护是基于国内法和国情。”

北京大学生命科学学院教授吕植告诉澎湃新闻,她对雪豹“降级”一事表示遗憾。她说,通俗地认知就是,有多濒危,就有多重视。对于一个普通人来说,大家通常认为,保护成功了,才会降级。听到“降级”的消息后,大家很自然的反应就是,雪豹不用特别地保护了,但目前雪豹面临着很多威胁,尤其是气候变化带来的危机。

纠错?

IUCN官网披露雪豹“降级”的原因称,本次雪豹类别的变化“并非真正的降级”(non-genuine),而是更正。早在2008年,雪豹就应该被定为“易危”类别。但由于当时IUCN专家们计算或评估上的错误,雪豹在2008年被错误地确定为的“濒危”类别。

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