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港媒:农业废弃物变身生物燃料 中国将全面推广车用乙醇汽油

2017-09-15 12:01:42   

中国日报网9月15日电 据香港《南华早报》网站报道,中国政府9月13日宣布将全面推广车用乙醇汽油,专家认为此举可以把农业废弃物转变为供汽车使用的生物燃料,进而达到“一石二鸟”的效果——既能减少焚烧秸秆和其他农业废弃物造成的烟雾污染,也能降低对化石燃料的需求。

中国国家发展改革委、国家能源局等多个部门联合发布声明,明确到2020年,在全国范围内推广使用车用乙醇汽油。乙醇汽油是指在汽油组合分油中按体积混合比加入10%的乙醇后,作为汽油车燃料用的汽油。这是一种可再生燃料,主要由玉米和其他植物原料制成。

目前已有不少国家,包括美国和巴西,要求汽油内必须含有一定比例的乙醇。作为使用乙醇汽油的“先锋”国家,美国和巴西主要使用玉米和甘蔗生产燃料乙醇。而中国打算发展纤维素燃料乙醇,计划到2025年,力争纤维素乙醇实现规模化生产。

声明中指出,中国每年在国际市场上交易的玉米和木薯的总量达1.7亿吨,其中5%即可转化燃料乙醇约300万吨,国内每年可利用的秸秆和林业废弃物超过4亿吨,30%即可生产燃料乙醇2000万吨。

“如果中国能够把秸秆和农业废弃物这两种污染源的其中一种转变为生物燃料,即可达到‘一石二鸟’的效果,”中国能源新闻门户网站“中国能源网”首席信息官韩晓平表示,“长期来看,中国还能借此减少对石油进口的依赖。”

在中国,农民们习惯在农作物丰收后焚烧农业废弃物,此举会产生多种污染源,造成严重空气污染。中国国家气象局已启用卫星监测焚烧农业废弃物行为。为了减少大气污染,中国政府承诺减少温室气体排放,同时投入巨大的人力和物力发展新能源汽车。目前,中国已有11个省区全境试点推广乙醇汽油,譬如吉林、辽宁和广西。

国际环保组织“绿色和平”驻北京办事处能源分析师柳力(Lauri Myllyvirta)认为,发展推广乙醇汽油是中国前进的正确方向,“中国面临的关键挑战是要确保,不论为车用乙醇汽油设定何种目标或命令,都不要涉及到使用可食用的原材料”。

(译者:谌融 编辑:党超峰 王辉)

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