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鸽派决议鹰派走向 英国央行货币政策预期收紧

2017-09-15 11:51:42   中国经济网

经济日报-中国经济网伦敦9月15日讯(记者 蒋华栋)在刚刚举行的英国央行议息会议上,货币政策委员会与各方此前预期一致,以7:2的比例最终决定将基准利率维持在0.25%不变。但是,在英国央行行长马克·卡尼随后讲话和本次会议纪要中,市场更加看重这一鸽派决议背后显露出来了的鹰派立场。

在此次会议上,央行表示8月份对经济走势的预测主要基于三个判断:一是英镑持续贬值将继续推升消费者价格,但是并不会对通胀预期造成过多负面影响;二是短期内居民工资增速难以快速上升,但未来终将逐步提升;三是家庭消费不断下滑对总需求产生了负面冲击,但是来自其他领域需求的上升将弥补家庭消费的不足。

针对8月份通胀报告发布之后的宏观经济走势,央行货币政策委员会认为,当前经济走势符合预期,甚至一定程度上好于预期。其中,二季度经济增速维持在0.3%,符合此前预期;失业率降低至40年来的最低水平至4.3%,但是收入增速仍然滞后;通胀年率在8月份达到了2.9%的高位,预计10月份将达到3%以上。

一直以来,英国央行强调其在英国应对脱欧之后宏观经济调整方面的困境。尤其是在英镑快速下行、英国对外贸易体系规划不确定的背景下,英国央行不得不在维持通胀处于可控范围和保障经济增长与就业两个方面保持平衡。

针对近期的宏观经济走势,央行货币政策委员会判断认为,当前英国经济内部的剩余产能正在以快于预期的速度被消化掉,同时通胀有可能在未来3年内维持在2%以上的超目标水平高位。基于此,英国央行在消化经济剩余产能和控制通胀领域的平衡压力进一步下降,未来重点将集中在控制通胀过快增长方面。

因此,此次议息会议纪要明确表示“如果未来经济走势按照当前预期发展,货币政策将会早于市场预期收紧。”会议纪要显示,“多数货币政策委员会成员认为,如果经济剩余产能按照预期速度下滑,同时通胀压力持续上升,央行将在未来数月内逐步退出部分宽松政策,以确保通胀尽快回归可持续范围。”

同时,再次强调未来英国经济前景仍然充满挑战,尤其是家庭、企业和金融市场如何应对脱欧进程存在极大的不确定性,但是市场各方主流预期已经形成,即英国央行将于未来数月内实施全球金融危机以来的首次加息。

从当前英国国债期货市场数据来看,预计11月份加息的可能性已经达到50%,者在此次议息会议之前仅为40%。

央行的鹰派姿态成功推升了英镑对美元汇率,达到了一年来的新高。纪要公布当日欧洲交易时段内,英镑对美元汇率总体上升了约1.4%,最终收于接近1.34的高位。

会议纪要公布之后,分析人士认为在工资年均增速2.1%,通胀年率接近3%的背景下,英国央行11月初的议息会议将成为全球焦点。如果未来通胀不出现意外下滑,下次议息会议之前英镑还将维持一段时期的牛市。

英国央行的鹰派预期在冲击英镑市场的同时,也对英国国债市场产生了巨大冲击。在议息会议纪要公布当日,各个期限国债收益率均呈现上升趋势。其中,对加息最为敏感的两年期国债收益率从前一交易日的0.291%快速上升至0.364%,涨幅超过了25%。此外,5年期、10年期和30年期英国国债收益率当日增幅分别为2.34%、3.58%和1.28%。

此外,英国股票市场也难以摆脱央行鹰派态度的冲击。其中,核心构成为跨国公司的富时100指数所受冲击尤为明显。

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