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超级飓风:美国经济的多棱镜

2017-09-15 07:41:41   中国青年网

刚刚送走“哈维”,又迎来“艾尔玛”,一场场造成重大经济损失的飓风,成为映射美国社会和经济现状的多棱镜。

在大西洋上空,还有两场威力正在增强的飓风直指北美大陆,而世界气象组织表示,全球变暖可能导致强力飓风更趋频繁,像“哈维”、“艾尔玛”这样破坏力极强的四级以上飓风本世纪会越来越多——

“艾尔玛”强势登陆美国

“‘艾尔玛’将是史诗级的,可能比我们以前所看到过的飓风都要更强大,”美国总统特朗普在社交媒体推特上警告说,“注意安全!如果可能,请撤离飓风路线。”

特朗普这次的判断是准确的。五级飓风指风速超过每小时252公里的飓风,也是最高级别的飓风,而达到五级的“艾尔玛”还是有气象记录以来大西洋上最强的飓风。

法国气象局的数据显示,“艾尔玛”每小时295公里的风速已经持续超过33小时。法国气象局预报员艾蒂安·卡皮基安坦言:“这样的强度,持续这么长时间,这在卫星时代从未被观测到。”

当地时间10日,“艾尔玛”以四级飓风强度登陆美国佛罗里达州,之后继续向北移动,并于11日晚减弱为热带风暴。虽然逐渐已降为二级飓风,但其直径仍达约640公里,最高持续风速达到每小时175公里,美国佛罗里达州东海岸为此受到重创,多地遭遇风暴和洪水侵袭。美国国家飓风研究中心预计,未来几天,“艾尔玛”继续北上,而后向西移动,影响佐治亚州、亚拉巴马州、密西西比州和田纳西州。

根据航拍照片,风暴过后,佛罗里达群岛通向大陆的一段公路被水淹没,水面上漂浮着树枝、家电等。美国海军已派遣航母和军舰前往该地区执行搜救任务。但当地官员表示,尚未撤离的民众急需物资支援,这里可能会面临“人道主义危机”。位于佛罗里达州东北沿海地区的杰克逊维尔此次经历了风暴潮、暴雨和涨潮三重打击,造成了当地创纪录的洪水灾害,不少社区被淹,大量民众被困。此外,佛罗里达州大沼泽地城、奥兰多市以及南卡罗来纳州查尔斯顿港口也遭遇严重洪灾。

新华社的报道称,受“艾尔玛”影响,美国南部多州目前共有近720万个家庭和企业断电。佛罗里达州电力照明公司总裁埃里克·西拉吉说,“艾尔玛”影响了该公司在35个县的电力设施,其破坏之广泛在其公司历史上前所未有。目前,公司已派近2万名电力工人实施抢修。白宫国土安全顾问汤姆·博塞特表示,一些家庭可能在未来数周内都没有电。

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