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中外检察官聚焦环境犯罪 中方公益诉讼经验获肯定

2017-09-14 17:01:48   国际在线

国际在线报道(记者 吴倩):为期4天的国际检察官联合会年会14日在北京闭幕。在当天召开的专题会议上,中外与会代表聚焦应对环境犯罪问题,交流分享各自国家的经验做法。中国最高人民检察院副检察长张雪樵介绍了中国的创新做法,即建立由检察机关提起公益诉讼制度来保护资源环境。这一举措受到与会代表的肯定。

中国探索建立检察机关提起公益诉讼制度始于2014年底。据最高人民检察院副检察长张雪樵介绍,这项改革举措在中国13个省区市已进行了两年多的试点实践,取得了显著成效,“自2015年7月开始,检察机关共办理生态环境和资源保护领域的公益诉讼案件数5579件,督促恢复被污染破坏的的耕地、林地、湿地、草原12.9万公顷,督促治理恢复被污染水源面积达180余平方公里,督促1700余家违法企业整改。”

试点的成功推动了中国相关立法的完善。今年6月,公益诉讼制度正式被写入修改后的《行政诉讼法》和《民事诉讼法》,除港澳台外,中国境内的检察机关开始以新的诉讼方式来履行保护环境公益的职责。张雪樵表示,此举意味着针对生态环境和资源保护等领域的违法行为,检察机关既可以提起行政公益诉讼,也可以提起民事公益诉讼,“所谓环境公益诉讼,就是整合了行政、审判、检察等机构的力量来处理分歧、解决问题,从而实现保护环境公益的目标。行政公益诉讼的诉讼请求紧紧围绕行政机关的保护公益的法定职责,或者确认其履职违法,或者督促其依法履职。与行政公益诉讼不同,检察机关提起民事公益诉讼的主体定位是补充性的,只有当国家和社会缺乏提起民事公益诉讼的社会组织时,才需要检察机关充当公益诉讼的主体。”

值得一提的是,在中国检察机关提起的行政公益诉讼中,坐在被告席上的是行政机关首长。张雪樵表示,这种诉讼结构反映了中国法治监督体系的进一步完善,同时也体现了国家权力都属于人民主权的本质要求。

国际检察官联合会秘书长、欧盟司法协助组织荷兰代表汉·莫若肯定中方为保护环境所采取的公益诉讼举措。他表示,“环境问题事关全世界,中国作为负责任大国,应该在环境保护领域起到示范带头作用,中国重视保护环境打击环境犯罪,可以引领更多国家投入到打击环境犯罪工作中来,中国应更多地展示中方有关作法。”

与中国一样,在应对环境犯罪问题上各国检察机关都积极探索适合本国国情的做法。据俄罗斯总检察院联邦法律执行监督厅厅长阿纳托里·帕拉玛楚克介绍,为了加强生态安全保护工作,俄罗斯设立了专门的自然保护检察院,有超过500名检察官从事这一工作。同时,检察机关重视开展对环境可能产生损害行为的预警工作,“检察机关定期对企业进行环保执法检查,他们有权不受任何限制的进入企业内部,其所需查看的企业文件需在24小时内提交。国家有关方面的专家也受邀参与检查工作。对于查实的违法行为,检察院将向法院提出申请,对法人进行处罚,并消除违法行为对环境造成的损害。”

阿纳托里·帕拉玛楚克表示,保护生态环境是全球面临的共同挑战,各国检察官应加强交流合作,共同为此做出努力。

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