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大国创新需“握指成拳”

2017-09-14 10:17:54   国际在线

日前,“哈佛八剑客集体回国”的消息在微信上刷了屏。加盟位于合肥科学岛中科院强磁场科学中心的8名留美博士后,不仅已做出不少成果,而且摸索出减少磨合成本的工作流程。随着创新型国家建设步伐的加快,我国科研条件加速改进,越来越多的人才被祖国科技创新的“磁场”所吸引。

与吸引人才同时推进的,是国家创新体系和科技创新基地的深度调整。日前,三部委联合印发《国家科技创新基地优化整合方案》,提出将围绕国家战略和创新链布局需求,按照科学与工程研究、技术创新与成果转化、基础支撑与条件保障三类布局建设国家科技创新基地,夯实自主创新的物质技术基础。方案特别强调,坚持以国家实验室为引领统筹布局国家科技创新基地建设,解决现有基地之间交叉重复、定位不够清晰等问题。

回顾科学史,近代以来的国家科研机构,往往以“学科”作为建制基础。而与国家安全密切相关的国防实力、国土安全、生态环境、公众健康等,往往以“问题”和“任务”为导向。学科研究是解决问题的基础,但每个单一学科受制于理论视角和方法手段等局限,都不足以单独支撑问题的解决与应对。汇集多学科智慧,才能更好地解决“问题”、完成“任务”。这不仅需要以“学科”作为科研团队的微观知识基础,更需要以“任务”作为科研机构的宏观需求导向,汇集多学科优势,依靠跨学科、大协作和高强度支持开展协同创新,捏沙成团、握指成拳,集中优势力量解决重点难点问题。组建国家实验室,就是剑指科研布局碎片化、低水平重复等问题,形成体现国家意志、实现国家使命、代表国家水平的战略科技力量,“面向世界科技前沿,面向国家重大需求,面向国民经济主战场”,保障国家创新发展和战略安全。

第二次世界大战以来,美国的国家实验室系统对美国科技保持世界领先地位发挥了重要支撑作用。美国的国家实验室并非“一建定终身”,而是动态调整,突出体现在资助机构根据阶段性战略需求对国家实验室进行优化调整、资助机构对运营机构进行择优选择和委托代理等方面。其国家实验室大多数由大学等运营机构担任管理者。近年来,美国一些实验室的安全漏洞和管理丑闻,“使人们开始质疑大学是否是国家实验室的最好管理者”。因而,更多的科研机构、非营利机构和企业先后成为国家实验室的运营主体。

 开放性是国家实验室竞争力的源泉。国家实验室作为一种任务导向的平台型科研机构,其秉持的基本理念应该是:开展科学研究的最好方法是由来自不同专业领域的个人组成团队一起工作。在技术加速变革的情况下,通过合同制雇员、客座研究员、博士后等制度,吸引新的力量持续流入。

“我国社会主义制度能够集中力量办大事是我们成就事业的重要法宝。我国很多重大科技成果都是依靠这个法宝搞出来的,千万不能丢了!”习近平总书记的话告诉我们,既要以世界眼光和开阔胸怀吸纳世界先进经验和做法,也要坚定“四个自信”,强化创新意识,发挥好国立科研机构和研究型大学、创新型企业的重要作用,优势互补、形成合力。筑巢引凤,国家科技创新基地建设将迎来更多高水平团队,将汇聚成科技创新的磅礴力量,支撑引领世界科技强国建设。

(作者:贾宝余 中国科学院北京分院)

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