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农业供给侧改革要“对症下药”

2017-09-13 07:56:28   央广网

作者:任武

【新闻随笔】

金秋九月,又到了收获季。每到这个时候,农产品丰收的新闻常令人喜忧参半。喜的是各地粮食、水果、蔬菜迎来大丰收,忧的是不少地方农产品销售难或价低伤农。好在这种状况正在不断改善。据新华社报道,辽宁省农业大县绥中在遭遇水果滞销阵痛后,近年来大力发展精品农业,通过农业供给侧结构性改革,大幅提升当地水果品质。如今,水果销售不再难了,当地的水果甚至坐着飞机卖到了迪拜。“以前两毛钱一斤没人要,现在当地白梨的品牌价值超过45亿元。”

地还是原来的地,品种还是原来的品种,农民还是原来的农民,最后的收益却身价倍增。类似的情况还有不少。很多地区在经过增产-滞销-改革-增收的曲折后,都找到了成功的经验。只要找准方向,改革创新,“母鸡”也能变“凤凰”,农业也能“高大上”。

农产品滞销,种植者和管理者首先要看清一个事实:消费者的消费习惯正在发生变化,从过去的能“吃饱”到现在的要“吃好”,吃出品质、营养、健康正成为越来越多的消费者的行为选择。在需求端发生改变的背景下,供给侧受到严峻挑战,那种片面追求高产量,缺少统一规划、科学管理的传统农业种植经营模式难以为继。统计数字显示,近年来,我国进口水果数量持续增加,出口水果却面临量增价减甚至量价齐跌的尴尬境况。在如此“内忧外患”的双重挤压下,每到农产品收获季节,各类水果、蔬菜滞销新闻时常见诸媒体,地方政府和爱心人士通过网络促销、爱心团购等形式助力农民销售,善举可嘉,却如扬汤止沸,难以根治销售难的“病灶”。

弄清了需求端的变化,就更应该重视供给侧的改革了。一些地区针对市场变化,着力调整种植结构。对此,也应一分为二地看,对于玉米等大宗农产品,面对供大于求、种植效益降低的现实,调整种植结构势所当为;然而,也有一些地方抛弃原有的优势农产品,盲目改种市场行情虽好但并不适宜本地种植的作物,“以己之短攻人之长”,最终结果并不理想。不少地方农业供给侧结构性改革成功的原因就在于痛定思痛,大力发展精品农业,科学管理,减少化肥农药用量,改良水果品质。最终,老品牌又赢得了新市场。由此可见,供给侧结构性改革不能为了改而改,更需要先诊病、后治病,对症下药。

农业供给侧改革,不应简单理解为调整种植结构、改善农产品品质。下好农业供给侧改革的“先手棋”,更应转变传统农业发展思路,通过一、二、三产深度融合,最大限度挖掘农业潜力和价值。笔者曾到不同地区采访调研农产品滞销的新闻,除了前述农产品品质等原因外,这些地区还普遍缺少农产品深加工企业,更不用说农业产业化龙头企业了。没办法,农民只好忍痛将滞销的水果、蔬菜低价卖给采购商,再由采购商运往一些大型农产品深加工企业加工销售。如今,许多地区正在探索农村三产融合,通过精品果园、“认养农业+农产品深加工+农业采摘”、观光旅游、休闲度假等模式,以现代农业的理念和实践,让农业和农村从“土掉渣”变身“高大上”,让农民的钱包更鼓、日子更好、底气更足。

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