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中企承建及参与运营的多功能新港口提升吉布提海运枢纽价值
吉布提多哈雷多功能港口(一期)一派繁忙景象。(王新俊 摄)
国际在线报道(中国国际广播电台记者 王新俊):地处非洲东北部、亚丁湾西岸的吉布提,扼红海出入印度洋的要冲,是连接亚非欧三大洲的交通要道及国际主航线的必经之地,也是“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的重要节点。如今,随着中国企业承建及参与运营的多哈雷多功能港口(一期)工程的投入使用,吉布提港的运输能力和枢纽价值得到大幅度提升。
多哈雷多功能港口位于吉布提首都吉布提市西郊的塔朱拉湾畔,一期工程于2014年8月开工,2017年4月建成试运行,设计年吞吐散杂货708万吨、集装箱20万标箱,同时也是埃塞俄比亚首都亚的斯亚贝巴至吉布提市的电气化铁路-亚吉铁路的终点和出海口。项目由招商局集团控股的招商局国际有限公司与吉方合作投资建设,中国建筑股份有限公司(中国建筑)和中国土木工程集团有限公司(中国土木)共同建设。
中国土木吉布提有限公司副总经理牛增祥参与了多哈雷多功能港口从选址到建成的过程。他认为,这一港口的建设对于提升吉布提港整体运输能力意义重大,并且项目具有可扩展性,利于未来港口的滚动式发展,对吉布提经济的促进作用显著。牛增祥说:“为什么建这个港口呢?是因为旧港的堆场没有办法扩建了,码头设施都已经老化了,而且旧的港口在市中心,已经阻碍了城市的发展,经常会造成交通拥堵。新的码头离市中心约有7-10公里,场地比较大。业主(吉布提港口和自由贸易区管理局)在后续有一个‘前港-中区-后城’的规划,今后将把自贸区连接起来。这样的话,港口的作用会利用得更充分。其次,这个港的水深条件又非常的好,平均水深15.7米,而旧港水深只有12米。亚吉铁路的终点也修到了港口的面前,马上我们就要建铁路和港口的港区装卸线。无论从公路还是铁路运输来讲,新的港口都要便利和高效。”
2013年1月,招商局国际有限公司通过参与吉布提港改制,与吉布提港口和自贸区管理局合资成立吉布提港有限公司,持有23.5%股权,随后共同开启多哈雷多功能港口建设,项目总投资5.8亿美元,由中国进出口银行提供出口买方优惠贷款融资。吉布提港有限公司副财务总监胡绍德已经在吉布提工作了四年半。他介绍说,几年来,中吉双方在多哈雷多功能港口的投资、建设、运营等方面进行了密切合作:“为了这个码头的开港,我们从吉布提选了六十几个人到深圳蛇口港培训了半年,还在蛇口港专门成立了中吉交流学院。为了工作顺利开展,招商局也派了十几个人到这里,手把手地教他们(港口机械)司机操作、现场工艺、生产安全等。八月份,我们还派了专家团队过来,就试运营的情况做了诊断,并提出了下一阶段继续怎样进行支持。”
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