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提高英语自主学习能力没有那么难

2017-09-11 07:58:41   央广网

作者:赵琳琳(黑龙江大学应用外语学院讲师)

关于英语的自主学习问题一直是教育界讨论的热点。如果说学诗的功夫在诗外,那么学英语的功夫则在课外。众所周知,英语作为一门语言,如果不能把它变成一种生活习惯,积极主动地去学习和应用它,而是仅仅依靠那短短的几堂课程来学习,是远远不够的。

所谓自主学习,其本质内涵就是:学生能够为自己的学习负责,能够自己确定学习的目标、内容、材料和方法,能够自己监控学习的过程和评估学习效果。可以说,一个学生,能否有效地进行自主学习,不仅反映了其学习能力,还反映了自律和自理能力。

自主学习能力和终身学习密切相关。作为一名大学老师,我们要完成的绝不仅仅是一门英语课程,也不局限于帮助学生在大学期间学习,而是要教授学生一个终身学习的技能。因为,对于绝大多数人来说,离开课堂踏上工作岗位,并不意味着学习的结束,相反,它是更深层次、更有针对性学习的开始。在斯坦福大学发布的2025计划中,特别强调的一个观点就是:延长学习时间,把知识学习转化为以能力为核心的学习。应该说,培养学生的自主学习能力,使其能够不断适应新的社会环境,实现可持续发展,是我们教学的终极目标,也是教师应该承担的责任和义务。

那么如何培养学生的自主学习能力呢?按照心理学观点,驱动一个人行为的是其动机。所以,培养学生的自主学习能力,首先需要从学生的自主学习动机入手,帮助学生树立强烈的自主学习意识。

就以大学英语学习为例。首先,研究表明,英语学习动机是推动学生学习的内部动力,与学习兴趣、学习态度密切关联,直接影响了学生的学习策略、学习时间、学习效能和最终学习效果。我们对100余名非英语专业本科生的调研结果显示,学生们学习英语的动机可以概括为三大类:第一类是成就动机,比如增加读研机会、找到好的工作、获得奖学金等;第二类是兴趣动机,比如享受快乐学习的体验、享受阅读乐趣等;第三类是责任动机,比如希望对得起父母,认为学习是学生的义务等。不管哪种动机,我们看到的积极结果是,学生并非像有一些人想象的那样缺乏学习的意愿或者不爱学习。大部分学生是希望自己能够学好英语的。那么作为老师,就要本着以学生为中心的原则,针对学生的不同学习动机,有的放矢进行激励,尽可能地调动学生学习的积极性和主动性。

但是我们还要思考另外一个层次的问题:既然学生具有明确的学习动机,那么为什么很多人在学习过程中越学越被动,越学越乏味了呢?

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