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清西陵:最“年轻”的皇家陵园

2017-09-10 18:32:38   央广网

河北新闻网讯(记者 寇瑄)9月5日至8日,来自中央、省级重点网络媒体、知名商业网站的记者和自媒体人士组成的百人采访团,围绕首届保定市旅发大会,深入保定市精品旅游环线进行采风,全方位、多角度,深入生动地宣传保定旅游发展、生态建设与整改提升等方面的新成就、新面貌。

记者团第二天来到保定市易县清西陵,共同感受这最“年轻”的皇家陵园。

记者团们在清西陵参观游览 摄影/赵杰

首先进入泰陵,映入眼帘的一条长达2500米的神道。沿着神道前行,可以看到由南向北错落有序排列着石牌坊、大红门、圣德神功碑亭、石像生等单体建筑74座。这些建筑虽历经三个多世纪,但至今保存完整。无论是选址,还是规划布局,都是雍正年间国家繁荣与稳定的写照。

记者们在泰陵 摄影/赵杰

清西陵是从雍正时期开始建设的,而建设第一个皇陵就是雍正帝的陵寝——泰陵。泰陵是清西陵中规模最大,风水格局最为完整的皇陵。跟其他的皇家陵园比起来,易县的清西陵环境清幽,从雍正选址清西陵开始,清王朝就在永宁山下、易水河畔、陵寝内外,栽植了数以万计的松树,现在这里有古松1.5万株,青松幼柏20余万株,陵区内松柏葱郁,山清水秀,14座陵寝掩映在松林之中,若隐若现,俨然一幅绚丽的山水画。此外,相比于十三陵和清西陵,这里游客数量相对较少,修缮的痕迹也并不明显,依旧保留着古色古香的韵味,走在这里,可以让你静下心来细细观察皇陵内外的宫殿与石刻,慢慢品味历史的厚重感。

清西陵还有中国最后一座帝王陵墓——崇陵。这座皇陵埋葬着光绪皇帝和隆裕太后。由于光绪生前没有建陵,宣统帝登基后才在西陵为其建造崇陵。辛亥革命后,崇陵尚未完工,民国北京政府根据《优待条件》,与清遗民捐集款项继续赶修崇陵工程。1913年末,光绪帝在驾崩五年后入葬崇陵;而到了民国四年(1915),崇陵才全部竣工,这么算下来,这座皇陵如今才刚刚过了百岁,因此不论是建筑还是石刻,都还是“崭新”的状态,一切都光亮如初,看不出多少岁月的痕迹。

近年来,易县以清西陵创建5A级旅游景区为契机,提出了优化城市形象、以旅游带动易县转型升级的发展路子。根据清西陵的实际情况,易县提出了“坚持全方位、全领域打造旅游环境,按照文物保护与旅游发展并重的原则,以文物本体修缮为基础,以创建5A景区为目标,全面提升旅游要素功能”的原则,充分挖掘清西陵的山、水、林自然资源,实现了陵、村、人的协同发展。

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