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明年6月底计划实现高危场所作业人员减30%以上

2017-09-10 09:22:37   央广网

智能装备应用于危险工序、危化品火灾高效灭火材料、大数据安全监测预警……近年来,我国安全科技不断创新,为安全生产形势稳定好转提供强有力的支撑。科技如何成为生产“守护神”?记者日前跟随“安全生产万里行”活动进行采访。

明年6月底,高危场所作业人员减少30%以上

一直以来,煤矿、金属非金属矿山、危化品等重点行业领域,部分企业关键环节、重点部位用人多,机械化、自动化程度低,群死群伤事故风险较大,防范重特大事故的任务较艰巨。“发展决不能以牺牲安全为代价,机械化换人、自动化减人对于高危企业很有必要。”国家安监总局宣传教育中心主任何国家表示。2015年,国家安监总局在重点行业领域开展“机械化换人、自动化减人”科技强安专项行动,以机械化生产替换人工作业、以自动化控制减少人为操作,到2018年6月底,计划实现高危作业场所作业人员减少30%以上。

首绳更换是摩擦提升矿井定期要做的一项重要工作。在内蒙古鄂尔多斯一家井深760米的矿井,人工换绳需要58人,花费102个小时,首绳使用寿命1.5年,年平均费用240万元;智能机械化换绳需要9人,花费37个小时,首绳使用寿命2.5年,年平均费用130万元。“除了省时高效,更重要的是通过智能化技术创新,危险区域的作业人员全部由机械代替,工人只需在井口做连接绳头的工作即可。劳动强度低,并且消除了工人在井筒作业的事故隐患。”江苏徐州市工大三森科技有限公司相关负责人贾福音介绍。

机械化换人、自动化减人需要一定投入。不过,企业如今都懂得算大账。“安全问题出不起,前些年压力大,头发白了一大片。如今公司井下排水、通风、充填等全部自动化控制,部分岗位实现无人值守。有了科技支撑,高危岗位不用派那么多员工,安心不少。”湖北三鑫金铜股份有限公司总经理王友元告诉记者,现在公司每吨矿会提取10元作为安全费用。“企业正常运行一天利润约100万元,高峰期更多。安全做不好,停工停产反而耽误效率,这才是最大的成本,眼光还是得放长远。”

基于大数据建立矿山重大危险源档案

对非煤矿山,重大风险源主要存在于尾矿库、排土场、高陡边坡和采空区。它们的共同点是体量大、风险点多、诱发因素复杂,安监人员到矿山检查安全隐患的时候,往往会有“盲人摸象”的感觉。如何构建更加高效的风险管控、隐患排查机制?

四川省安监局下属的安全科学技术研究院将高分卫星、摄影测量、三维激光、地下物探等多种技术统筹使用,基于太空、地表、地下“三界”大数据建立矿山重大危险源健康档案,形成危险源预警机制,完善重特大事故预防控制体系基础。“前几年,我们对攀枝花市盐边县拟建农贸市场的规划进行风险分析,发现这个选址恰好位于一尾矿库下游,分析认为一旦尾矿库发生溃坝将淹没整个农贸市场。我们提出的预防措施被采纳,避免了因规划选址不合理造成的重大隐患和风险。”四川省安全科学技术研究院技术专家举例。

应急管理平台督促企业责任硬落实

安全生产企业负主体责任,但也离不开政府的监管。“有的地方监管部门认为发了整改通知单就没事了,但是不督办落实什么都白干。”西部省份一位安监人员这样说道。如何实现严格监管,让企业主体责任“硬落实”?

重庆市渝北区推动安全生产信息化,建设应急管理平台,加入隐患“三清三进”管理模块,按照隐患整改难度大小、整改时间跨度,将隐患分成红橙黄“三色”进行管理,实行红色问题“日清周进”(每日清理每周推进)、橙色问题“周清月进”、黄色问题“月清季进”。渝北区安监局局长赵兵介绍,通过平台数据监控分析,每月定期通报各单位的隐患排查整治情况,倒逼问题解决。2016年,渝北区排查各类隐患8820条,整改8694条,整改率98.6%。

“事故是最大的成本,安全是最大的效益。大力推进安全生产科技进步,提高安全保障水平,是防范事故的有力屏障。”何国家说。

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