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特朗普签署提升债务上限法案美国政府暂缓关门危机

2017-09-09 17:06:39   中国经济网

经济日报-中国经济网华盛顿9月9日讯(记者 高伟东)美国总统特朗普当地时间9月8日正式签署法案将提升美国政府债务上限和延长政府开支法案至今年12月8日,同时批准约153亿美元的飓风“哈维”救灾计划。此前美国国会参众两院已通过该“捆绑”法案,因此美国政府将拥有足够资金来正常运转到今年12月8日,暂缓关门危机。

在接连不断的飓风袭击之下,美国国会仅用三天时间就迅速批准了救灾计划。然而从投票结果来看,为表达对提升债务上限这一跨党派协议的不满,美国一些共和党议员选择反对包含救灾计划在内的新法案,不得不暂时将他们对飓风灾区的关怀搁置在一旁。

美国国会参议院9月7日对飓风救灾计划和提升政府债务上限的“捆绑”法案进行投票,共和党参议员投下了17张反对票。反对法案的共和党参议员大多表达了对飓风“哈维”救灾计划的支持,但是他们反对在缺乏预算削减和任何改革的前提下仅仅将提升美国政府债务上限的时间延长三个月。

美国国会众议院9月8日对“捆绑”法案进行投票,全部90张反对票都来自共和党,甚至有4张来自灾区得克萨斯州,法案最终以316票赞成、90票反对在美国国会众议院获得通过。美国国会众议院议长瑞安曾表示,民主党仅仅将提升美国政府债务上限的时间延长三个月的提议是“非常愚蠢和可耻”的想法,是在“拿债务上限玩弄政治”。

法案通过意味着特朗普政府在3个月内避免了债务违约及政府关门风险,得以优先应对强飓风灾情和集中精力推动税改。但今年年底前,美国国会需要再次批准提升债务上限以免政府违约、发生关门危机进而重创金融市场。

美国国会共和党领导层原本希望能通过6个月甚至18个月的债务上限上调方案,避免一再为此向民主党妥协甚至影响明年国会中期选举的共和党选情。此外,延长政府开支法案也仅有3个月效力,这将令民主党在2018财年预算谈判中占据更加有利的位置。

但特朗普9月6日不顾共和党人反对,直接和美国国会民主党领袖达成协议。9月8日,他还在社交媒体推特上批评美国国会共和党人花了7年时间试图废除奥巴马医改,迄今却“什么也没发生”,同时指责美国参议院冗长议事规则使共和党不能通过重大立法。特朗普还催促美国国会共和党人尽快开始税改立法程序,而不是等到9月底。

分析人士认为,特朗普迅速对美国国会民主党领袖屈服是因为他想争取时间尽快推动他所关注的其它议题,那就是减税、建边境墙以及增加基础设施开支,毕竟,这些才是构成他“民粹主义经济政策”的核心。

根据特朗普9月8日签署的法案,美国联邦政府除为“哈维”飓风灾区提供79亿美元救灾资金外,还鉴于“艾尔玛”飓风即将来袭,另提供74亿美元救灾资金用于2017年美国受灾最严重地区。据美国国会预算局估计,其中57%的救灾资金(约87亿美元)将在2020年或更晚投入使用。

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