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聚焦职场危机:创业大潮涌动 中年离职突出

2017-09-09 11:21:45   央广网

“奔四”的手机工程师孙毅经历了三次裁员。“前任公司是一家知名国际手机厂商,因为业务收缩,公司裁了一批员工,我不幸也在其中。”

“工程师攻克技术难关,就像战士打仗,战场都没了,一身本领难以施展。”孙毅说,为了寻求新“战场”,他选择到美国深造,“每天和比自己小一轮的同学一起上课、做实验,虽然累但很充实。中年员工要咬着牙爬坡过坎,拼了不一定行,但不拼一定不行。”

“高科技企业中年员工‘被离职’现象已经很普遍。”中国人民大学劳动人事学院副教授李育辉说,她在调研中发现,甚至有公司在召开董事会的时候,点名让某些员工在规定时间内离职。

按理说,高科技企业中年员工耕耘多年,技术成熟,阅历丰富,是企业宝贵的人力资源,为何频繁“被离职”?

首先,这是高科技行业的人才供应现状决定的。李育辉说,高科技企业的年轻劳动力供应充足,从数量上看,每年有大量技术类毕业生涌入就业市场;从质量上看,年轻人学习能力强,这正是高科技行业看重的特质。“以互联网人才市场为例,年轻一代是互联网‘原住民’,更擅长运用互联网思维,对互联网的发展趋势更敏感。很多崭露头角的互联网公司CEO都非常年轻,不少人自嘲现在是‘70后给80后打工,80后给90后打工’。”

“新人经过一两年的锻炼,很容易上手。相比中年员工,年轻人工资低、干劲足。从企业把控成本的角度考虑,一些中年员工失去了竞争优势。”李育辉说。

其次,这与高科技企业的组织架构和晋升渠道相关。北京信息科技大学经济管理学院讲师倪渊介绍,高科技企业岗位大体上可分为技术、市场类的基层岗位,管理岗位和决策岗位。基层岗位人数众多,呈年轻化趋势,中高层吸纳的人数有限,导致员工晋升通道狭窄。员工到了40多岁,还停留在一线岗位,很容易被淘汰。

“我在职业培训中遇到这样的例子,公司把技术能力突出的员工提拔到管理岗,他因不适应,提出再回到技术岗上,不久后这位员工就上了公司的裁员名单。”李育辉说。

“大型高科技企业的中年员工‘被离职’概率更高。企业规模越大,越强调分工专业化,员工成为技术流水线的一个环节,长此以往,对周围环境的适应力不强,技术能力并没有随着工作年限的增加而增加。”倪渊说。

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