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用饮品送服药物可不可取?专家:饮料成分较复杂

2017-09-09 06:46:42   央广网

药疗ABC

用饮品送服药物究竟可不可取?

在日常生活中,我们一般都用白开水送服各种药物,但有时也会为了图个方便,顺手用牛奶、茶水甚至碳酸饮料就把药给吃了。那么,让专家一说究竟吧。

用饮品服用口服药对不对,为什么?火箭军总医院药学部主任童卫杭逐条为大家指点迷津。

1.碳酸饮料

碳酸饮料如可乐、雪碧、美年达等,其中含有的二氧化碳与胃酸中和后,增加弱碱性药物(如红霉素等)的吸收,可能间接导致过量,容易出现不良反应。碳酸饮料会增加布洛芬等药物的胃肠刺激。此外,碳酸还会影响某些药物的稳定性。

2.茶饮料

中药、西药都不应用茶饮料送服。

茶含有较多的鞣质。鞣质可降低酶制剂(胃蛋白酶、乳酶生、胰酶、多酶片)的生物利用度,还可使抗生素(四环素、氯霉素、红霉素、利福平、磺胺类药物)失去抗菌活性,毒副反应增加。鞣质可与硫酸锌、葡萄糖酸锌、硫酸亚铁、富马酸铁等铁锌制剂产生沉淀,不仅阻碍了药物的吸收,对胃黏膜的刺激也特别大,可出现恶心、呕吐、腹泻、腹痛和胃部不适等不良症状。鞣质与洋地黄甙类、麻黄碱、奎宁等生物碱生成沉淀、变性、失活,使其疗效降低。鞣质能对抗潘生丁的扩冠作用。茶叶里含有2%-4%咖啡碱和微量的茶碱、可可碱,具有兴奋高级神经中枢、强心、利尿、刺激胃酸分泌等作用。口服用镇静催眠药、抗组胺药(如苯海拉明、扑尔敏)、镇咳药咳必清,以及中药知母、贝母、酸枣仁等,也不宜饮茶,因为茶与这些药物起拮抗作用,降低疗效。

3.绿豆汤

服中药

绿豆汤是人们喜爱的消暑饮品,能清热解毒、消暑生津、功效卓著。绿豆本身就是一味中药,性寒味甘,具有清热解毒,消暑除烦,止渴健胃,利水消肿的功效。如果有中暑、咽喉疼痛、咳嗽、腮腺炎、口干、口苦、皮肤感染、泌尿系统感染(有尿频、尿急、尿痛、发热等表现)、便秘等,在服用治疗这些疾病的中药(如黄连、黄芩、黄檗、大青叶、板蓝根、牛黄、金银花等清热类中药)同时饮服绿豆汤,不会影响药效,两者还可起到协同增效的作用。但如果有脾胃虚寒、身体阳虚表现,如慢性胃肠炎,肢体关节冷痛、麻木、活动不利,腹痛、腹泻、痛经等虚寒之症,正在服用治疗这些疾病的温补类药物(如人参、黄芪、肉桂、附子、丁香、高良姜等)及温经散寒类中药(如桂枝、干姜、细辛)时,则应避免服用,否则,不仅会降低药物疗效,而且还会加重病情。所以,服中药时能否喝绿豆汤不可一概而论,应根据病情的寒热虚实及所服中药性味而定。

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