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激发科研动力还需更多“确权式”创新

2017-09-08 04:21:43   中国青年网

张砥

促进科技成果转化,核心是解决好动力问题,而重中之重是要在激发科研人员内生动力上做文章。确权分割的意义在于,从供给源头上明确了学校与发明者的产权配额,赋予科研人员以充分的处置权、收益权,使知识价值看得到、后期收益摸得着。这一点一旦明确,干事动力自然就不一样了。

发明人拿不走收益,高校完不成科技成果转化,政府得不到科技型企业,这样的“三输”局面怎么破?全国各地都在结合自身实际寻找解题之钥。日前,来自西南交通大学的一份协议引发舆论关注:学校通过对职务科研成果进行确权分割,激发了发明人加快科技成果转化的热情,仅1年时间就成立了8家科技型公司。这项改革,被媒体称为科技领域的“小岗村试验”。

“确权”二字,可谓切中了我国当前科技成果转化问题的肯綮。常言道:有恒产者有恒心。对广大科研人员来说,“辛辛苦苦搞转化,一旦成功了,自己能拿多少”是最实际的利益关切。而事实也说明,一段时间以来,我国科技成果转化率之所以不高,很大程度就在于所有权、处置权、收益权不甚明确。在不少科研机构看来,科研人员做好科研乃职务行为、分内之责,成果转化则属溢出效应、分外之事。再加上相关审批流程繁琐且漫长,有时还涉及到不同领域间的协调,内生动力明显不足。一边是大量科技成果在论文纸上“睡大觉”,一边是急需好产品的企业找不到新技术,这般错配好比望水喊渴,着实令人惋惜。

促进科技成果转化,核心是解决好动力问题,而重中之重是激发科研人员的内生动力。确权分割的意义恰恰在于,从供给源头上明确了学校与发明者的产权配额,赋予科研人员以充分的处置权、收益权,使知识价值看得到、后期收益摸得着。三七开也好,四六开也罢,重要的是传递了鲜明导向:搞科研促转化不仅仅是职务行为,更是每个科研人员自己的事。这一点一旦明确,干事动力自然就会不一样。近些年来,从修订《促进科技成果转化法》强化高校对成果的自主处理权,到各地因地制宜探索转化收益的奖励办法,再到此番西南交大从源头入手标定确权比例,莫不是着眼于此。

制度经济学研究表明,制度创新能够推动思维方式的变革、价值观念的更新,是技术创新的“点火器”。从3年转化7项专利,到1年成立8家公司,确权制度给西南交大带来的改变立竿见影。但不可否认,在我们目前的科技创新链条上,这样的制度创新还很不够,特别是很多原则性、共识性问题还停在口头、流于纸面。比如,一些高校和科研机构不同程度存在“红眼病”,面对潜在的成果转化收益缺乏足够“雅量”,舍不得“割肉”给科研人员。又如,在一些热门领域,大学、科研机构和企业各拉队伍、各起炉灶,研究进展交流少,项目竞争交锋多,导致重复建设和科研资源浪费。如果说确权分割解决的更多是成果转化的动力问题,那么如何让科技成果更好落地,聚合起1+1>2的力量,还需要更多配套制度来支撑。

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