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爱因斯坦错了?中国科研团队发现动力学暗能量证据

2017-09-07 17:51:46   中国青年网

新华社北京9月7日电(记者董瑞丰)对于宇宙间神秘的暗能量,科学研究有了最新突破。中国科学院国家天文台的一支研究团队近日发现了暗能量随时间演化的证据,这一发现表明,暗能量的本质有可能不是爱因斯坦百年前提出的“宇宙学常数”。

国家天文台研究员赵公博领导的一个国际团队,利用其开发的暗能量重建方法,在3.5个标准差水平发现了暗能量状态方程随时间演化的证据。国际权威学术期刊《自然·天文》近日在线发表了该成果,并在随后刊发国际知名学者撰写的解读文章。

“这意味着暗能量的本质可能不是真空能,而是某种动力学场。”赵公博说。

目前研究发现,我们身处的宇宙正在加速膨胀。理论上,宇宙的加速膨胀可能由约占宇宙总能量密度70%并具有负压强的暗能量引起。揭示暗能量的物理本质,成为现代科学中最重大的课题之一。

暗能量的物理性质体现在其“状态方程”中,即暗能量的压强与能量密度的比值。在传统的真空能—冷暗物质(LCDM)宇宙学标准模型中,暗能量是爱因斯坦在1917年提出的“宇宙学常数”,即真空能,其状态方程为值为-1的常数。在此模型中,暗能量不具有任何动力学性质。

科学家也提出了不同的暗能量模型,如我国科学家张新民团队提出的quintom动力学暗能量模型。后者与此次发现的证据更为吻合。

2016年,赵公博曾带领国际大型星系巡天“斯隆数字巡天三期(重子振荡光谱巡天)”合作组,利用最新观测数据和新方法,在宇宙演化的多个时期,以高精度测量得到了重子声波振荡信号。这一测量也成为此次研究突破的基础。

赵公博表示,暗能量的动力学性质还需要下一代大型巡天观测的证认,期待在未来5年至10年内,世界上最大型的星系巡天“扩展重子振荡光谱巡天”“暗能量光谱仪”“主焦点光谱仪”等项目将帮助人类揭开暗能量之谜。

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