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喷嚏不断究竟是秋季感冒还是过敏性鼻炎?
2017-09-07 10:07:07 中国青年网
入秋后不少人都会鼻子痒、流鼻涕、打喷嚏、咳嗽,这究竟是秋季感冒还是过敏性鼻炎?专家表示,秋季过敏性鼻炎高发,主要是因为秋天早晚气温变化大,空气干燥。若是在此时喷嚏不断,应注意分辨感冒还是过敏性鼻炎。
专家介绍,过敏性鼻炎又被称为“变应性鼻炎”,因为它是特应性个体(即过敏体质的人)在接触致敏原(即引起过敏的物质)后产生的鼻痒、喷嚏、流清涕、鼻塞等为主要临床表现的鼻粘膜慢性炎症性疾病。
因过敏性鼻炎出现的喷嚏、流清涕、鼻塞,常常是在鼻痒后出现,且早晚明显,白天或运动后减轻。不治疗就会一直流清涕,可伴有畏寒怕冷表现,一般不伴有发烧、咽痛等症状。到医院做相关检查,可发现患者的嗜酸性粒细胞、特异性IgE升高,或验出过敏原,若反复接触过敏原后则症状明显加重,病程变长,可出现多种并发症。
反之,若只是感冒,那么喷嚏、流涕、鼻塞等症状,一般无明显时间规律。有时可自愈,有时逐渐加重,可伴有头痛、发热、咳嗽,引起鼻窦炎时清涕可转为脓涕。此时做检查可发现白细胞、中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞升高等,没有特殊的过敏原,经抗炎,抗病毒治疗一般可愈。
专家提醒,千万不要小看过敏性鼻炎。它可并发支气管哮喘、鼻窦炎、鼻息肉、鼻出血、分泌性中耳炎等,或伴发过敏性咽喉炎、过敏性结膜炎等。
如何预防过敏性鼻炎?专家建议,要注意过敏原,尽量避免与过敏原接触。秋季可用生理盐水冲洗鼻腔,一日1-2次。经常参加体育锻炼,增强抵抗力。房间通风要良好,阳光充足,保持一定湿度。保持乐观,避免精神刺激和过度疲劳,不要骤然进入冷热悬殊的环境。及时更换、清洗床单、被罩,防止螨虫及其分泌物诱发过敏性鼻炎。
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