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中国首次钻获236度的最高温干热岩 或将谱写清洁能源新篇章

2017-09-07 09:57:21   国际在线

国际在线报道(实习记者 刘祎彤):日前,中国科学家在西部青海省的共和盆地获取了一种新兴的地热资源——干热岩体,实现了中国在该领域的重大突破。这一新能源具有挖掘潜力大、污染小等优势。

干热岩埋藏于地下3到10千米处,温度在150℃以上,广泛应用于发电、供暖、强化石油开采等领域。干热岩还是一种新兴地热能源,发电技术不受季节、气候制约,且发电成本仅为风力发电的一半、太阳能发电的十分之一。

科研人员在青海共和盆地先后攻克了地质选址、高温钻井、深孔高温高压测温等关键技术,在施工的五眼干热岩勘探孔中,均成功钻获干热岩体。青海省国土资源厅地质环境处处长严维德在接受媒体采访时介绍,此次勘探成果来之不易:“这五口井在打到2000米左右的时候,都接触到了干热岩,而且在3705米的时候,我们打到了236度的干热岩。我们不仅取得了我国干热岩勘查的突破,而且按照国际品质,我们找到了高品质的干热岩。”

同时,科研人员还采用地球物理、地球化学、放射性调查等综合技术手段圈定干热岩有利勘探区18处,面积达到3000多平方千米。据初步估算,中国陆域干热岩资源量为856万亿吨标准煤,根据国际标准,以其2%作为可采资源,全国陆域干热岩可采资源量高达17万亿吨标准煤。专家表示,东南沿海地区、松辽平原、华北平原和青藏高原地区,或将成为干热岩勘察开发有潜力的地区,特别是青藏高原南部,干热岩资源量巨大且温度最高。

中国地质调查局水文环境地质调查中心地热室主任张森奇说,如果过量开采传统水热型的地热资源,会出现水位下降、资源枯竭的情况,而干热岩资源则来自于地球内部的供热,因此是无处不在的、极富潜力的资源。张森奇说:“和传统水热型的地热相比,干热岩是以固体形式存在的。高温的岩石,温度更高、能量资源更丰富。开发利用的过程中,不会出现其他的环境问题,也不会受到过多的环境因素的影响。”

干热岩能源是国际社会公认的高效低碳清洁能源。 实际上,从上个世纪70年代开始,全球多个国家一直在进行着干热岩的开发利用试验研究,目前国际上美、英和澳大利亚等国已建立了多处开发利用试验研究基地。中国地质调查局水文环境地质部高工张二勇介绍说:国际社会高度重视干热岩的勘查开发。像在美国已经初步在某些地区进行了干热岩的实验性发电。总体来看,干热岩的开发特别是商业开发,目前还处于一种探索的阶段。

干热岩主要通过注入凉水,吸收岩体热量转化成蒸汽,再抽取到地表进行利用,其开发利用的过程中几乎不产生氮硫氧化物等污染物,因此不会引起其他环境问题。中国地质调查局地热资源专家表示,如果规模化地合理开发利用干热岩,将有效降低温室效应和酸雨对环境的影响。

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