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好死真的不如赖活吗

2017-09-07 05:56:52   中国青年网

好死不如赖活着,这是人尽皆知且被一部分人藉以指导人生的准则,传承至今恐已逾千年。在政治动荡、民不聊生的年代,更是支持人们坚强地活下去,盼望有一个灿烂明天的巨大精神支柱。然则,此一准则是否放之四海而皆准?当身患“绝症”时是否也应照此办理?个人认为颇有值得商榷之处。

生老病死乃是人生的自然规律,不分贵贱,均照此行事,无一例外。虽然国人的预期寿命已自解放前的47岁延长至如今的70有余且向80迈进,提前步入老龄社会。危及生命的主要疾病也由各种传染病转为诸如癌症、心脑血管疾病、糖尿病等慢性非传染性疾病,但不论何种疾病,殊途同归,死亡仍是每个人的终极归宿。

遗憾的是,中华文化中的一大缺陷就是忌讳论死,学校教学中又对此甚少涉及,未能助以建立正确的死亡观,致使人们对死亡具有恐惧感,这或许是“赖活”的主因。

既然人固有一死,那就值得好好推敲一番了。除去政治、社会等因素,单就自然现象或健康的角度考虑,个人认为没有生活质量的“赖活”,不如体面、有尊严而无痛苦的“好死”。

纵观当今社会,由于“赖活”已深入人心,其弊端也随之而生。其一,某些社会贤达,有鉴于以往对国家或社会曾颇有贡献,理所当然享有特殊医疗照顾,社会大众也能理解及接受。但对某些已病入膏肓的慢性病患者,不但神志已失,须用鼻饲维持营养、呼吸机保持肺功能,靠各种管道、器械及药物,维持正常生理功能经年者并不鲜见。过去所谓的只要有一口气就应全力抢救,现今已是即使已“没气”还得精心诊治。家属心情可以理解,但这无疑是医疗资源的莫大浪费。

其二,我国已进入老龄化社会,随着预期寿命的增加,各种慢性病也激增。试以癌症为例,据统计,60岁以上老人死于癌症的,占全部癌症死亡者的63%以上。心脑血管疾病也是这样。尊老是我国社会的一大美德,我无意冒天下之大不宣扬不必重视老年人的医疗保健。但当某些慢性疾病确已发展至治愈无望的终末期,究竟是应从治“病”的角度出发,不惜成本大力施治,以图挽救其颓势;还是从治“人”的观点考虑,施治的目的乃是助其维持较高的生存质量,而不再施以激烈的、虽有可能延长其生存期,但有损于生活质量的治疗。

本人多年前曾参加过一次全球著名的国际肿瘤大会。会议海报介绍,由多个国家共同参与的有关胰腺癌靶向治疗的前瞻性研究,经多年来各参与单位的共同努力,终于有了肯定性结果,化疗加用靶向治疗的效果,优于传统的单一化疗治疗方案,有显著的统计学差异。由于胰腺癌是众所周知的难治的癌症。因此这一大肆宣传的消息极受与会者的关注,听众竟有近万人。报告介绍的数据诚如海报所云,有非常科学的结论及肯定的疗效。但当仔细端详时,发现研究组实际上仅较对照组平均多活了13天。虽然对此设计周密的临床试验,无人能加以质疑,对此结果如何加以评价?相信见仁见智,各有不同见解。本人认为,此一新的治疗方案无论个人所付出的代价还是消耗的社会资源,似均得不偿失。类似的情况,临床上并不鲜见,因此对老年人的过度医疗问题是否应引起人们的思考?

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