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建设用地地下使用权将依法登记

2017-09-07 03:21:43   中国青年网

□ 本报记者 郄建荣

城市地下空间如何开发?权属又该如何界定?国土资源部近日印发的《关于加强城市地质工作的指导意见》(以下简称《指导意思》)将尝试对这些问题给出答案。

国土资源部新闻发言人、规划司司长庄少勤今天在新闻发布会上表示,国土部依法开展建设用地使用权(地下)登记,保障使用权人的占有、使用、收益和处分权利,促进地下空间依法有序开发利用。

城市地质是应对世界城市化加速发展的一门新兴学科,主要是研究人类赖以生存的自然环境,包括地质结构、物质组成、地质过程及其与人类生产实践活动的相互影响。据中国地质调查局副局长王昆介绍,城市地质调查的主要任务是查明城市地质条件、地质问题与地质资源,引导城市地质资源合理利用,规避城市地质安全风险,全面支撑城市规划、建设和管理,促进城市人地和谐。

我国从上个世纪60年代就开始探索城市地质工作,其中包括完成了306个地级以上城市地质环境资源摸底调查;以上海、北京、天津、广州、南京、杭州等6个城市为试点,开展了三维地质调查;先后组织开展了京津冀、长三角、珠三角、海峡西岸、北部湾、长江中游、关中、中原、成渝等重点城市群综合地质调查工作等。

但是,我国城市地质基础调查仍薄弱。王昆说,特别是法规建设滞后。“地下空间内涵及其权责的清晰界定是有序开发利用城市地下空间资源的基础。目前,尚无明确的法律规定城市地下空间与地表空间之间的关系,也未明确地下空间资源开发利用权属。”王昆指出,由此导致地下空间使用权出让、评估、测绘、登记等一系列过程中存在争议。

同时,城市地下开发统一规划缺失。“城市地下空间资源开发利用是一项系统工程,目前,部分城市地下空间资源存在无序开发的现象,其原因主要是规划缺失。”王昆表示,多数地区还只针对浅表层地下空间开发作出初步安排,亟需对未来城市地下空间、资源、环境的整体开发利用进行统筹安排。

在庄少勤看来,传统地质工作以找矿为中心,城市地质工作基础相对薄弱。城市规划建设管理对地质工作重视不够,尤其对地质资源环境约束性考虑不够,地质工作与城市规划建设管理结合不紧,融合不够。随着城市化进程的深入,由于基础地质条件不明和对地质资源环境的不合理开发利用,一些城市资源环境承载能力减弱,环境污染和地质灾害等问题凸显,严重制约了城市的可持续发展。

《指导意见》在明确了总体目标的前提下,“将针对城市发展当前面临的空间不足、环境污染、交通拥堵、城市安全等大城市病问题统筹部署重点任务,探索相应制度。”据庄少勤介绍,根据《指导意见》将对城市地质资源、环境、空间、权属等进行全面调查;同时,分类推进城市地质调查,综合评价资源环境承载能力和空间开发适宜性,支撑城市空间布局优化。此外,还将开展国土空间开发适宜性评价,合理确定生态功能保障基线、环境质量安全底线、自然资源利用上线,增强国土空间开发的适宜性。

庄少勤透露,《指导意见》提出,要建立地下空间资源统一规划与用途管制制度,坚持以城市地质调查成果为基础,统一规划地下空间资源开发利用;完善土地出让和矿业权出让合同管理制度,推进地下空间、资源的合理开发利用;依托地下空间资源监测大数据平台,建立规划执行、合同履行和空间资源环境监测监管制度。

根据《指导意见》,国土资源部将健全地下水污染和土地质量监测体系,加强对垃圾填埋场周边土地和地下水的质量调查和监测,强化对工业用地的土壤和地下水环境质量监测管控。

本报北京9月6日讯

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