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您的辨识方法也许是错的

2017-09-05 06:21:40   中国青年网

记者了解到,近期我市集中发生多起野生鲜蘑菇中毒事件。为此,市食品药品监管局紧急提醒广大市民:请勿采摘、购买、食用、销售野生鲜蘑菇,谨防中毒。

我市分布有4种剧毒蘑菇

毒蘑菇又称毒蕈,为大型真菌的子实体,食用后对人可产生中毒反应。据了解,目前我市有野生蘑菇多达200余种,大约50种不同程度有毒,其中4种剧毒的蘑菇分别是白毒伞、鳞柄白毒伞、天老星和鹿花菌,如果误食其中任何一种都有可能置人于死地。前3种广泛分布于大连地区,主要生长在山坡、林下、潮湿沟谷、草地等处,鹿花菌主要长在林下。误食了上述几种剧毒蘑菇后,首先会出现恶心、呕吐、腹泻等胃肠性中毒症状,之后会出现面色蜡黄、肝脏坏死等肝损性中毒症状。另外,大连地区还有一种叫墨汁鬼伞毒蘑菇(百姓又称柳树蘑、杨树蘑),主要生长在林下、道旁和潮湿的草地上。虽然它的毒性没有前几种毒性强,但因其味道非常鲜美,每年也会发生许多人中毒的现象。

毒蘑菇很难辨识

判断野生蘑菇是否有毒是一件非常困难的事,而且许多蘑菇还会发生变异,仅凭肉眼和经验极难辨别。针对所谓的辨别毒蘑菇办法,迄今为止其实无一可靠。许多市民凭经验判断野生蘑菇是否有毒是极为危险的。辨别方法中常提到“毒蘑菇颜色光鲜,无毒的蘑菇颜色暗淡”,但较为常见的蛋黄蘑外表就十分光鲜亮丽,可它并没有毒。而白毒伞外形看起来和鸡腿菇十分相似,却含有剧毒。至于所谓银针验毒更是无稽之谈。

专家指出市民对毒蘑菇认识有以下几个误区:

误区一:鲜艳的有毒,颜色普通的没毒

根据颜色与形状不能简单区别蘑菇是否有毒。鸡油菌、褶孔牛肝菌和大红菌等颜色鲜艳,美味可食;而灰花纹鹅膏、致命鹅膏等剧毒蘑菇,其颜色则为灰色或白色。

误区二:长在潮湿或家畜粪便上的有毒,松树下等清洁地方的无毒

大部分蘑菇生长在阴暗潮湿的环境中,有的有毒,有的可食。有一些毒蘑菇的确喜生长在粪便上,如盔孢伞和花褶伞中一些有毒种类,但是鹅膏、口蘑、红菇中一些有毒种类也生长在松林中。

误区三:跟银器、生姜、大米、生葱一起煮,液体变黑有毒,颜色不变则无毒

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