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用知识的力量 建设特色田园乡村

2017-09-06 08:27:58   中国青年网

乡村复兴的工作,是一项艰苦卓绝的长期任务,而不仅仅是想象中田园牧歌的诗情画意。乡村发展的根本,在于发挥独特禀赋,培育乡村内生发展动力、活力和韧性。特色田园乡村建设所要求的乡村发展是一种质的变动,这种内生质变源自思维、技术和政策的智取,不在于外力推动的表面化改变,而是使村民的知识价值提升、生态环境保护意识提升、以土地和人的健康为重的生产方式以及以尊重法治及环境的乡村生活文化方式得以推广的本质提升,是乡村品质价值的显现,是真正的“乡愁”所在。特色田园乡村建设要重在以知识教育带动社区营造、以适用科技根植推动乡村改变。

首先,尊重自然与传统工艺,推动社区参与。村庄环境改造要尊重村落传统自然肌理,顺其自然地理、地形地貌、水文特色,保护山林及生物多样性,促进乡村所在的大地理格局生态环境优化。同时,重视乡土特色与技艺的挖掘,因地制宜采用本地材料和乡村建造技术,通过环境微改造对空间进行有机更新与功能活化。乡村特色产业发展则要根植农村生产基础、资源环境特点,依托村民的知识与文化传承,并鼓励采用乡土方式进行农产品加工和销售。

其次,积极发挥科学技术的力量。与科研院所合作,强调生态环境与农业科技成果在乡村转化示范,进行乡村生态环境修复与整治、促进根植农村的特色产业的发展。一方面选取适合当前农村发展基础的供水、污水处理等实用科学技术应用于农村基础设施建设,实现农村资源化利用、生态化改造。另一方面,结合传统农耕技术,因地制宜引进具有产业和健康价值的自然农法等现代农业种植与加工技术,促进乡村特色农业的可持续发展。

最后,推进村民知识教育与培训。要把村民能够看得见、摸得着、可参与、能致富作为特色田园乡村建设的出发点和落脚点,积极开展乡村社区营造,充分调动村民的积极性、主动性、创造性,为村民全过程参与乡村规划与建设提供渠道。积极推进知识教育和技能培训,提升村民的知识价值和生态环境保护意识,引导村民发展根植于乡村特色的农业产业链。培养乡村社区的合作管理能力,创新乡村发展运营模式,加快村民、政府、科研单位等主体的协商合作与力量整合。

以“智取、质变”为核心、以知识为力量推动乡村从内及外的本质改变,可以探索出一条特色田园乡村建设的新路径;遵循人与自然和谐共生的客观规律,为生态保护区开展这样的田园特色乡村建设提供新样本;蓄积改革创新新动能,在政府引导、乡村自治、科技助农等方面,可以创造内生转型的新方式。这种特色的田园乡村建设,将不仅具有江苏意义,也与国际乡村复兴潮流相同步,具有世界意义。

(作者单位分别为: 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所;南京工业大学)

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