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中小学德育工作怎么做?六大途径做“指南”

2017-09-06 08:12:01   央广网

人民网北京9月5日电(记者申宁)日前,教育部印发了《中小学德育工作指南》。教育部基础教育司司长吕玉刚今天表示,这次出台《指南》就是为中小学开展德育工作提供一个基本遵循,也作为各级教育行政部门管理、督导、评价中小学德育工作的重要依据。

吕玉刚表示,为了方便大家理解这个《指南》,可以用“一二三四五六”来概括:

构建德育工作的“一个体系”。着力构建方向正确、内容完善、学段衔接、载体丰富、常态开展的德育工作体系,不断完善中小学德育工作的长效机制,大力促进德育工作的专业化、规范化、实效化,全面提高中小学德育工作水平。

深化德育工作的“两个结合”。根据中小学德育工作的特点,坚持教育与生产劳动、社会实践相结合,学校教育与家庭教育、社会教育相结合,形成德育工作的合力。

抓好德育工作的“三个关键点”。从中小学生的成长规律出发,中小学德育工作要以培养学生良好思想品德和健全人格为根本,以促进学生形成良好行为习惯为重点,以落实中小学生守则为抓手。

坚持德育工作的“四个基本原则”。一是坚持正确方向。加强党对中小学生的领导,全面贯彻党的教育方针,坚持社会主义办学方向,牢牢把握中小学思想政治和德育工作的主导权。二是坚持遵循规律。要符合中小学生年龄特点、认知规律和教育规律,注重学段衔接和知行统一,强化道德实践、情感培育和行为习惯的养成,努力增强德育工作的吸引力、感染力和针对性、实效性。三是坚持协同配合。发挥学校主导作用,引导家庭、社会增强育人责任意识,提高对学生道德发展、成长成人的重视程度和参与度,形成学校、家庭、社会协调一致的育人合力。四是坚持常态开展。推进德育工作制度化常态化,创新途径和载体,将中小学德育工作要求贯穿融入到学校各项日常工作当中,努力形成一以贯之、久久为功的德育工作长效机制。我们德育工作绝对不能仅仅限于德育课程,要发挥德育课程的主阵地作用,同时要形成全员育人、全方位育人,融入到学校教育教学的各方面工作当中去,落在细微之处。

明确中小学德育工作的“五项主要内容”。根据中小学生年龄特点、认知能力和教育规律,按照小学低年级、小学中高年级、初中学段、高中学段四个阶段,《指南》提出了分层次的德育目标,既强调德育工作的针对性,又突出德育工作的有机衔接和逐级递进。按照这样的目标设计,《指南》明确将理想信念教育、社会主义核心价值观教育、中华优秀传统文化教育、生态文明教育、心理健康教育作为中小学德育的主要内容。每一个方面的内容都很丰富,《指南》对各方面内容都作了具体的描述。

创新德育工作的“六大实施途径”。一是课程育人。从严格落实德育课程、发挥其他课程德育功能、用好地方和学校课程等方面,强调发挥课堂教学在育人中的主渠道作用。二是文化育人。从优化校园环境、营造文化氛围、建设网络文化等方面加强校园文化建设,让校园处处成为育人的场所,发挥校园文化育人的作用。三是活动育人。利用节庆纪念日、仪式教育活动、校园节(会)、团队活动等,开展形式多样、主题鲜明的教育活动,以鲜明正确的价值导向引导学生。四是实践育人。通过开展各类主题实践、劳动实践、研学旅行、志愿服务等,增强学生的社会责任感、创新精神和实践能力。五是管理育人。推进学校治理现代化,从完善管理制度、明确岗位责任、加强师德师风建设、细化学生行为规范、关爱特殊群体等方面将中小学德育工作贯穿落实到学校管理的细节之中。六是协同育人。加强对家庭教育的指导,构建社会共育机制,争取家庭、社会共同参与和支持学校的德育工作。

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