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110千伏线路上,“他们”检修得心应手

2017-09-06 05:46:49   中国青年网

正在调试中的带电检修机器人。 长沙晚报记者 小李卓 摄

长沙晚报讯(记者 小李卓)用机器人代替运营维护人员对特高压线路进行检查,专查人看不到的死角。上周,国网湖南检修公司首次启用智能机器人巡检。记者日前走进国网智能带电作业技术及装备(机器人)实验室,看看这些机器人如何替人类完成高危工作。

“小盒子”爬上高压线做检查

和大家熟悉的人形机器人不同,这个能替特高压线路问诊的机器人其实就是一个“小盒子”,从“盒子”上伸出的两根细长的胳膊就是吊在空中完成各种高难度动作的利器。通过无线遥控,在高压电线上进行检修,准确地拧紧松掉的螺栓。这根细长的胳膊在连接高压线后,还可以传回数据给后方。在国网智能带电作业技术及装备((机器人)实验室,“梦想1号”机器人向记者展示了自己灵活的身姿。在特高压输电线路上,他能够替代人工完成线路巡视、检测绝缘子串、更换防震锤等高难度动作,在国内处于领先地位。

记者了解到,这些机器人“体重”在50公斤左右,装备了高清摄像云台、作业臂等“眼”和“手”,可悬挂在输电线路上“行走”。巡视和检测机器人精准发现问题后,检修机器人便派上了用场。其中,“梦想1号”机器人可带电紧固引流板、更换绝缘子,目前正在调试的梦想2号和3号还可以带电更换防震锤,进入工作人员无法进入的紧凑线路,对缠绕在输电线路上的塑胶、布条等异物进行带电清除,也可精准地更换绝缘子、紧固引流板等。

“带电作业机器人属于工业特种机器人,其他工业机器人的应用,如汽车工厂等,作业环境都有固定的轨道,但是带电作业机器人面临的环境是随机的,要复杂得多。”实验室副主任牛捷告诉记者,带电作业机器人工作的环境以高山、丛林等为主。

人工操作半小时,机器人5分钟解决

线路工高空作业,既艰苦又危险。在离地数十米至上百米高的电线上,手脚并用地缓步行走;如果需要在不停电的情况下作业,还要穿着厚厚的绝缘服,在高空烈日下“蒸桑拿”,看上去短短几百米的距离,有时候需要跨越河流,翻山越岭。

“以前,如果高压线路有问题,是需要停电处理的。”牛捷说,以110千伏线路为例,停下一条线路,会影响到几万户居民。尤其是作为骨干网架的特高压,一旦投运很难停电检修。如果人工带电作业,作业人员的技能、体能和心理素质都要承受很大考验。

实验室严宇博士告诉记者,11万伏至22万伏的高压电,在两个回路之间进行操作,稍微超出几厘米就会触电,目前全省能够进行特高压输电线路作业的电工不到30人。“更换一个绝缘子,人工操作大约要半个小时,机器人5分钟就能搞定。”严宇说。

“目前在这方面,机器人只能部分替代人工。”牛捷表示,由于工作环境非常恶劣,同时带电作业,因此想要做到更加智能尚有距离。他表示,目前国内的带电作业机器人仍停留在原理研究阶段,而国网智能带电作业技术及装备(机器人)实验室研发的机器人更注重应用,即将亮相在建的常德真龙桥牵引站,为该线路进行全面体检。

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