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制定教学计划很重要(过来人如是说)
2017-09-06 04:16:40 中国青年网
我曾于2013年起以汉语教师志愿者的身份在泰国3所国立中学教过4年汉语,教学对象为13岁至16岁年龄段的初一、初二、初三和高一的学生,教学内容为初中级部的必修课程、兴趣课程和高中级部的专业必修课程。我想以高中级部专业必修课为例谈谈汉语教学。
泰国高中生团队协作能力强,相对于初中生而言,至少已接触其他外语两三年,对二语习得已有浅显认知,有一定的语言理解能力。该阶段学生的汉语学习动机主要有如下几个方面:首先是为了解中国、认识中国。随着“一带一路”倡议的提出,中国的影响力和知名度不断提升,学生对中国语言文化的兴趣也越来越浓厚。其次是希望通过汉语标准化考试。通过泰国中文高考PAT7.4 考试,进入泰国高等学府学习中文;通过汉语水平考试(HSK)和汉语水平口语考试(HSKK),进入中国知名大学深造。最后是为了增强职业竞争力,满足就业需求。随着中泰两国交流越来越密切,酒店、机场、商场等商贸服务行业需要更多精通中泰双语的优秀人才。
因此,根据高中专业必修班教学对象的特点和学习动机,应采取科学有效的教学策略:尽快了解学生的汉语学习经历,制定有针对性的教学计划;在课堂教学用语方面,使用明确扼要的固定指令、汉语常用词;在教学过程中,多使用实物类、图片类直观教具解释新词语,减少使用媒介语,增加课堂教学的趣味性;创设汉语学习情境,以分组的方式为学生增加团队合作、共同学习进步的机会,加强学生听说能力的训练;给予学生更多人文关怀,尊重学生的个体差异性。在与学生沟通交流过程中,给予学生充分思考问题的时间,鼓励学生开口说汉语;以考促学,考学结合。以HSK一、二级语法、词汇为蓝本,课上课后多做听说读写练习,鼓励学生报名参加HSK考试;多与泰国本土汉语教师沟通。同时,学习泰国本土教师的课堂管理经验,共同制定适合学生的校本教材;不断提高自己的专业技能,不断学习如何在教学过程中将文化和功能作用相结合。
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