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美“核重建”计划或挑新竞赛

2017-09-06 03:26:49   中国青年网

张乃千

新闻背景

日前,美国总统特朗普在就阿富汗问题发表讲话时,说了一句与打击阿富汗塔利班全无关联的话。他表示,美国政府在军事建设中把“大量资金”投入到“核武库和导弹防御系统”上去。美国《纽约时报》等媒体随后披露,美国确实正在这样做,而且特朗普政府的“核重建”计划雄心勃勃地准备生产500枚精确度和隐身性能更好的新型核导弹。

1

“核重建”计划绝非偶然

如何摆正美国这一“有核帝国”的核政策,是每届美国政府上台后必须处理的棘手问题。

美国前任总统奥巴马曾提出“无核武世界”的目标,甚至一度将“不首先使用核武器”作为调整核政策的重要改革方向。同时,奥巴马政府时期美俄还一直致力于削减核弹头数量,2010年4月,两国元首在捷克签署新的《削减和限制进攻性战略武器条约》,规定两国在7年内部署的战略核运载工具数量将各自削减到700件以下,各自可部署的核弹头将减至1550枚。随着2018年2月该条约的到期,美国总统特朗普可能“不买账”了,他抱怨该条约是“片面条约”,是前任奥巴马政府签订的不利于美国国家安全的“坏协议”。

事实上,特朗普政府“核重建”计划的出现绝非偶然。曾经还是共和党总统候选人的特朗普就明确表示美国的核武器库已经“不管用了”,甚至还在一档电视节目中表示任何情况下都不排除动用核武器的可能。2016年大选刚结束,特朗普就几乎在第一时间表达出明确的“核扩军”意向,按照他的说法,理想的情况是所有国家都没有核武器,但只要世界上还有国家拥有核武器,那么美国就必须是“第一”。

为确保美国核力量的“全球领先”,美国自然“必须大幅增强和扩充核武库”。特朗普政府还一度对外宣称,目前美国所拥有的核武器大多是在与苏联展开军备竞赛时制造的,有的甚至寿命长达60年,部分严重老化的只能通过“多次修补和再造”来延长寿命。从某种程度上说,特朗普政府开展的“核重建”计划就是确保美国的核“三位一体”能力得以现代化,以充分确保其继续构成有效威慑的实力。

2

未来20年逐步淘汰“民兵-3”

特朗普一宣布要大幅增强和扩充核武库,美国军方就紧接着提出了一系列升级核武器的要求和方案。今年4月,美国国防部开始冷战结束后第三次核态势评估。8月初,美军方成功试射了一枚没有搭载弹头的“民兵-3”型洲际弹道导弹,今年美军已经进行了4次“民兵”洲际弹道导弹的试射。在这种情况下,特朗普政府依旧高调宣称“在核武器能力方面美国已经落后”,美国的核武库现状真的如此不堪吗?

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