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非虚构叙事中的英雄本色(新作评介)

2017-09-06 04:16:40   中国青年网

在许多人的眼里,英雄与战争已经远矣,刀光剑影及硝烟呐喊,不过是一段段渐渐逝去的往事,如黑白的底片,有显影,但已褪色。和平日久,那些铁血忠诚与无私奉献是否远离?那些倾情追索与彻底牺牲是否仍在继续?我们如何完成对那久已远去的英雄情怀的召回与唤起?

张子影的长篇报告文学《试飞英雄》给出了答案。

这部作品从国家民族现代化进程的大历史情境中,提炼出一个个试飞英雄的真实传奇。

一种先进飞机的现身,代表的不只是交通运输工具的进步,更蕴含着政治的抗衡角力和国防军事的相持较量。飞行是勇敢者的事业。万千风云,生死攸关只在弹指,机会稍纵即逝,每一毫秒都是直达终极的考验,考量水平、智慧、品质,更考量意志、操守和忠诚。

试飞员的成长和试飞队伍的壮大,折射着中国自身现代化发展的历史进程。中国人从来也没有停止过自己的飞行梦想,然而因为各种复杂的原因,我们更多沉溺于大地的苦难,这种向上飞的冒险、勇气和胆识恰恰是和农耕文化孕育出的国民性相左的。文本通过一个个试飞员主动性选择试飞——这是冒险、胆量、勇气乃至与死亡相伴的人生选择,这是一种主动抛却安土重迁的选择,从某种程度上是一种以失败为终点的人生选择,因为如果停止试飞的话,在最新型的飞机面前,一切都是未知数。这部报告文学不仅仅是重大题材和敏感题材的突破,更是对于文化样态中不活跃基因的激活,而这种挑战性的选择正是历史的选择,是大历史对中国现代军人提出的要求和挑战。

这部作品对试飞员的理性分析,对试飞状态的精准提炼,对个人职业选择与信念信仰之间的哲思性论述富有情怀和见识。比如当面对成功和荣誉的时候,很多优秀的中国试飞员会将自己和俄罗斯试飞员的“职业素质”“禅定”相比较。这个时候,试飞员的职业已经不是一种职业,而是一种人机合一的信念和追求。在优秀试飞员身上都有着这种对于职业的崇高感、敬畏感和自豪感,而这一切都来自对于未知状况的好奇、挑战和勇气。这种品质对于从农耕文明中走出来的中国人无疑是难得的。

对于中国读者来说,我们很难读到科学性、文学性很高,又可观、可体验、可摹画的最新的百科全书式书。报告文学在写情怀的时候,将这些科技人员的情怀落实到具体的图谱、文字、操作这些技术理性之中,让这种科技的好奇心、探险、思索和胆识以更新的方式深入到读者的阅读和生命中去,是有意义的。他们是军人,然而从根本上来说,他们都有着一种对于科技和理性的阔大情怀,一种发自内心的忘我的奉献精神。

在大悲悯心态中,和试飞员一起面对“离死亡最近的职业”。正是有了这种对于死亡的姿态,文本才能够从悲情叙事走向悲悯叙事,由此在一个更深的层面思考了人——现代人——现代职业选择可能具有的精神向度和超越性,这对于我们今天物质化、碎片化和极端功利化的现代人生方式和职业选择,有着非常深刻的启迪。

作家张子影精心写作了3年,而实际上她跟踪她的主人公们前后长达16年。可以想见作者在漫长时期的种种难以言诉的文本磨砺与心灵煎熬。

作为一个真正的作家,依然需要发现人类突破自身局限性的努力,其中就包括人类面对死亡的姿态。现代中国英雄不仅仅是堵枪眼的,炸碉堡的,更是知识型的、智慧型的精英,且是有情有义的儿子、丈夫和父亲。与此同时,在具有饱满丰富人性内涵的人身上,我们依然发现他们对于人的超越性追求——向死而生却淡定自若,珍惜生活却志存高远。《试飞英雄》突破了传统意义上英雄的表达,呈现中国人尤其是这一批特别精英的中国军人,他们在国家民族发展过程当中建构自己面对死亡的一种全新的姿态,这也是作者于作品中建立的格局宏大的大历史观、大悲悯和大情怀。

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