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煤电一体化整合大幕开启 “中国神电”破壳 1.8万亿能源巨无霸谋变

2017-09-05 10:06:44   中国经济网

从全国来看,在10年前,从矿井中挖出的煤炭,运到钢铁厂用来冶炼钢铁的比例为18%左右,目前依然维持在12%,另外有12%被用到建材行业,最大头的50%被运到火电厂发电。而全国发出的电力,有60%用到了重工业,因此,伴随着2000年以来,国内在房地产、基建等领域固定资产投资的突飞猛进,全国煤炭行业总产量从2002年的11亿吨迅速增长到2009年的近30亿吨。

叠加了2008年的严冬南方冰雪灾害,国内煤炭价格创出了历史最高。那时候,秦皇岛中转5500大卡山西优混动力煤,最高平仓价达到每吨1010元,相比2005年400元左右的价格上涨了2倍多。

那个时代被业内称为煤炭行业的“黄金十年”。各个证券公司组织的策略会上,煤炭行业分析师往往是最受追捧的明星,煤炭行业专场的会议室每次都会被人群挤满。“数钱用秤称,装钱用麻袋,扫煤灰买悍马”,媒体不断挖掘出“山西煤老板”的故事让人瞠目结舌。

神华集团恰好赶上了煤炭行业黄金十年的起点。

1995年,神华集团经国务院批准成立。2001年,黄骅港建成投产,标志神华集团一期工程完成,涵盖煤炭生产、铁路、港口的神华集团终于正式形成。

神华集团是国家为了开采神府煤田而建立。位于陕西省北部靠近内蒙古的这片区域,是世界七大煤田之一,储量235亿吨,为全国的15%,相当于50个大同矿区,出产的煤炭热值可达5500大卡,质量上乘,且都为露天矿,易于开采。神华集团在这里采用了最先进的开采技术和机械化装备,使神东矿区成为世界上生产效率最高的矿区之一,每吨开采成本仅为100元左右,而国内同行都要达到300元左右。

除此之外,“神华集团煤电路港航的模式,不仅在国内是第一个,全世界也是没有过的。”原国家煤炭部部长、神华集团董事长肖寒此前在接受《能源》杂志采访时回忆说。

由于神华集团旗下拥有神朔铁路、朔黄-黄万铁路的全部或部分股权,因此,从神府煤田挖掘出的煤炭,可以立刻装上专用火车,从陕西穿越山西、河北的800多公里距离,直接抵达河北省黄骅港,装船下水运输到需要的地方。

神华集团的煤炭产量,从2001年的4000万吨,增加到最高峰2013年的3.18亿吨,占到全国总产量的6%左右,是中国乃至全球第一大煤炭上市公司。另一方面,由神华集团控股并运营的铁路里程约为2155公里,除了拥有黄骅、天津、珠海3个煤码头,还拥有220万载重吨的航运船队。

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