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故宫志愿讲解员朱宏:“博物馆是终身学习的地方”

2017-09-05 09:42:01   央广网

朱宏(左)在文华殿外讲解。

志愿者手册中,密密麻麻地写着朱宏的讲解记录。

临近正午,在陶瓷馆讲了足足两小时的朱宏,从兜里掏出褪了色的手帕,抹一把额头上的汗,默默离开文华殿,来到位于熙和门的志愿者工作站,取下胸前的工作牌,在志愿者手册上完成又一次记录。

作为故宫的首批志愿讲解员,年近古稀的他已经在这里讲了13个年头,“累计起来有多少个小时?还真没仔细算过,这册子倒是快填满四本了。”

▍讲解

“博物馆里不能谈‘钱’,想问‘钱’请到拍卖公司”

早上七点半,朱宏走出家门,在西四环附近坐上公交车,辗转一个多小时,来到故宫西华门,穿过武英殿,绕过内金水桥,直奔设在文华殿的陶瓷馆。每周五上午,他都会在这里等候游客的到来。

8月的故宫,到处是孩子的身影,这里也不例外。九点半,事先与朱宏约好的邢女士,专程带着该上初二的儿子赶来。

“这些东西有7000多年历史,什么概念?两百多代人以前啊!”朱宏指了指展柜中的陶器,忍不住啧啧称赞。相比起光鲜亮丽的瓷器,他更钟情于外表看上去有些“土”的陶器,“古人是很有智慧的,煮东西用夹砂陶,盛东西用泥质陶,为什么?因为加了砂子更耐高温,砂子的主要成分就是二氧化硅嘛!”

退休前,朱宏是北京教育学院东城分院的化学老师,讲解过程中,他总能让老本行派上新用场。

“烧窑可是门大学问,窑里面氧气充足的时候,烧出来的陶器是红色。如果氧气不充足,产生一氧化碳,具有还原性,烧出来的陶器是灰色。你瞧,这就是陶器里的化学。”话音刚落,朱宏的身旁凑过来四五名正在参观的游客,冲着他微笑着点了点头。

眼看听众越来越多,朱宏清了清嗓,尽量让自己的声音更大些,“一般博物馆总爱说‘镇馆之宝’,那是一级文物太少。在故宫我从来不用这个词,因为单就这么一个厅里就有二百多件一级文物。”朱宏的嘴角微微上扬,眉眼之间带着几分自豪,“像这件,宋代钧窑的月白釉出戟尊,是被列入第三批禁止出境展览文物目录的94件珍品之一。”

不过,朱宏从不迷信权威。他坦言,自己最喜欢的是旁边那件只有巴掌大小的天蓝釉红斑花瓣式碗,“色彩变化多漂亮,简直就像天然玛瑙!”讲解之余,朱宏还会跟听众分享自己的想法,“美的欣赏是个人感受,每个人都有自己的角度,千万不要总觉得别人说好看就好看,要用自己的眼睛去判断。”

来到展厅中央陈列的青花釉里红镂雕盖罐前,忽然有人问道,“这东西值多少钱?”朱宏的脸上一下子严肃起来,“在博物馆里不能谈‘钱’,这些都是无价之宝,想问‘钱’请到拍卖公司。”这样的问题,朱宏并非第一次遇到,“现在鉴宝类节目太多,介绍博物馆的太少。”

两个小时过去,汗珠顺着花白的鬓角直往下淌,朱宏却始终没喝一口水,“这还不算长的,最长我讲过六七个小时。跟着我逛故宫的,向来都是别人先说累。”

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