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坦赞铁路项目启动50周年 当年建设者揭秘:“坦赞铁路语”

2017-09-05 08:22:26   央广网

央广网北京9月5日消息(记者郭淼)据中国之声《新闻纵横》报道,坦赞铁路有着“自由之路”和“友谊之路”的美誉。50年前的今天即1967年的9月5日,中国、坦桑尼亚、赞比亚三国政府在北京签订了“关于修建坦桑尼亚—赞比亚铁路的协定”,这也标志着坦赞铁路项目正式启动。

坦赞铁路是迄今中国最大的援外成套项目之一,从勘探到竣工整整花了8个年头。在上世纪60—70年代经济困难时期,中国为此投入了巨大的财力、物力和人力。那么当初为什么要修建坦赞铁路?坦赞铁路的修建又给中、坦、赞带来了怎样的影响呢?

1964年独立后的坦桑尼亚和赞比亚这两个非洲国家在政治上独立了,但是在经济上远远没有独立。赞比亚是非洲的内陆国家,四周被殖民主义国家包围和封锁,独立后要摆脱前殖民主义统治、发展民族经济,就必须建设这条铁路,开辟新的自己掌握的出海口。坦赞两国在向英国、德国、法国等国和世界银行多次提出修建铁路遭拒后开始到中国寻求援助。

为了援建坦赞铁路,铁道部援外办公室从1968年开始代表中国政府全面组织、承建了坦赞铁路的勘察、设计、施工、车辆供应、试运营、维护、技术援助等。1979年6月经国务院批准,在铁道部援外办的基础上成立了中国土木工程公司,至今中土公司仍受商务部委托,派出专家组,承担着坦赞铁路的经济技术合作,提供技术指导与咨询。目前,中土公司正在执行的是第16期技术合作项目。

坦赞铁路的建成为非洲的繁荣做出了贡献,累计运送货物 3000多万吨,运送旅客4000多万人次,为赞比亚铜矿出口提供了新的出海口。

在这样一个世纪工程背后有着怎样的建设故事,坦赞铁路精神又是如何炼成的?

学英语专业的杜坚说,做梦也不会想到自己的职业生涯竟然是从遥远的非洲、从坦赞铁路开始。“铁道部援外办公室从5个外语院校选了48个毕业生。1968年12月9日,用大卡车把我们拉到铁道部第三工程局第四工程处第三工程队。”

在经历了半年短暂的隧道施工劳动后,1969年6月杜坚作为坦赞铁路的翻译,随队踏上了非洲。杜坚说,自己这辈子都不会忘记这段历久之旅。“48人中我和一个斯瓦西里语的翻译是最先出国的,陪着队长靳辉还有中科院派去的地震考察组三个专家走的。第一次坐飞机经过缅甸仰光再到卡拉奇,才到了坦桑。当时(其他人)99%的人都坐轮船,当时弄了5条远洋轮,最快12天,最慢21天到。”

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