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也说南北买菜之差异

2017-09-05 07:31:56   中国青年网

·文化符码· 你买西红柿居然可以只买一个?他买土豆竟然要买一筐?原来南北买菜还有如此不可思议的不同

文/张斌璐

汉分东西宋分南北,在中国,空间始终是一个大问题。你看,近两天买个菜都能引发南北差异的热烈讨论。南方人买半棵白菜两个苹果,北方人傻眼了,这要到了北方,可是砸场子的做法。淮南为橘淮北为枳,隔一条河,就天差地别。好在每次网上热议,都是沟通良机。

有网友解释,南北方买菜的差别和气候有关系,南方天热易坏故买得勤买得少,北方天凉易存故买得多,这一解释不无道理。不过,这个差异直到今天才被人提起,难道是件新鲜事儿吗?显然不是。虽然没有做详细考证,但南北气候之差自古如此,文化之差别也是世世代代延续至今,我们为何今天突然对此感到诧异呢?这不是来自南北之间的差异,恰恰意味着在文化上,这种差异正在逐渐减少,正在逐渐取消。

在交通和运输不那么便利的时代,即使有南人去往北方,或者北人来到南方,观察到这一差别,也不会构成一桩“事件”或者“话题”,因为本来就是两个不同的文化空间,存在差异是正常的。假如到了一个遥远的地方,发现无异于家乡,那也许更让人惊讶一点。所以在过去有很多游记,爱记载奇闻秩事,因为对于异质文化来说,期待的就是不同。

慢慢地,技术发展起来了,南北之间开始频繁交流,越来越倾向于构成同一个文化区域,也就是说,“对话”形成了。有对话就意味着有语言,需要一套统一的文化语言来加以统摄,在这个背景之下,南人和北人开始互相发现对方了,南人乘车北人乘马,南人说北人豪迈北人说南人细腻,实际上,这些判断都是站在自己本身文化之下的判断——发现对方的同时,也开始建立起自己的文化主体。

这套统一的文化语言正在逐步推进,在互联网上推进,在手机里推进。过去我们单论口音方言就足以识别这个人的地域文化身份,但在今天的互联网上,我打一串字,你知道我是哪里人吗?过去依据地域空间所构成的文化差别,已经被现代传媒技术抹平了,北人也好南人也好,都是互联网上这一串字符的主人,彼此之间识别为一个统一的文化空间的成员,想象中,没有多少差别。

突然之间,差别出现了。什么?你买西红柿居然可以只买一个?他买土豆竟然要买一筐?原来南北买菜还有如此不可思议的不同!震惊感来了,看上去是地域之间的不同,其实是两种文化语言之间的冲突。这两种文化语言,一种是传统的地域空间所造就的文化差异,一种是现代互联网技术所造就的文化共识。

放大来看,世界也是这样,全球化也在新的技术条件之下飞速推进,一种属于互联网居民的独特语言也正在逐步形成,譬如说我们常用的表情包,已经确实成为了“放诸四海而皆准”的全球语言。到了某一天,像今天这样关于南方和北方买菜的差别,会变成另一种形式,你不再感慨于南方和北方,而是欧洲和亚洲,北半球和南半球,你就该知道,世界已经进入一个新的时代了。

张斌璐 文学博士,目前从事文化和文学批评。

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