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警惕死灰复燃的老谣言

2017-09-05 07:17:04   中国青年网

□本报评论员 张雨

有一些问题,越想越觉得匪夷所思。近日,有多家媒体总结了八月份网络十大谣言。吊诡之处在于,其中不少是曾经辟过谣,甚至多次辟过谣的老谣言,如低钠盐就是送命盐、癌症的起因是塑料、家中纸巾致儿童白血病等,过去的老谣言又一次死灰复燃。

咄咄怪事,老谣言的生命力咋就能这么经久不衰呢?

打蛇打七寸,挖树先挖根,每条谣言的产生和传播,都有其社会背景与心理动机。先看造谣者,只说那些有清醒意识的刻意造谣者,除少部分具有恶意,大多数就是私欲。眼球经济,用户量、点击量是“王道”,一则谣言迅速发酵,随随便便10万+;原创内容写作不易,辛辛苦苦不讨好。相较之下,搭谣言便车就划算多了。于此,他们将“陈年旧谣”拿来炒作,或以辟谣、求证的方式扩散老谣言,吸引社会关注,谋取不法利益。

再看传谣者,一些人随手转发,客观上助长了老谣言传播。转发的重要原因是恐惧,有人统计,人身安全、食品安全、疾病养生,这三大主题的老谣言,最容易反复出现,并引起多次转发。因为它们击中受众的焦虑点,就算大家对谣言将信将疑,也出于对自己和身边人的关心,宁可信其有、不可信其无的担心,于是就随手转发,扩大谣言传播范围。

于是,造谣者私欲膨胀,传谣者焦虑转发,就使得网络处于一种老谣言不断死灰复燃的状态。这给社会提出了一个新课题——该如何避免“老谣言在前面飞呀飞,真相在后面追啊追”的尴尬境地?

源头控制是一个好办法。今年以来,国家针对网络谣言大招频频:6月1日开始实施《互联网新闻信息服务管理规定》,对互联网信息需要“把关”什么、由谁来“把关”以及如何“把关”等一系列问题做出详细表述,违规者将被重罚;10月1日即将实施《互联网论坛社区服务管理规定》,也以多项举措,减少跟帖评论中出现的传播网络谣言等现象。

国家有了动作,热衷翻新“陈年旧谣”者,也该有所警醒,尽早放弃造谣传谣的投机行为。社会需要的,是事实、是真相,是有思想、有价值的内容。吸引粉丝,不能仅靠传播谣言,这毫无持续性,更是违法。要端稳这碗“信息饭”,必须尽早刮骨疗毒。

对公众,谣言的杀伤力像病毒,对象弱,它就强;对象强,它就弱。公众要强,可以养成一个“别匆忙转发”的习惯。尤其碰到一些煽情话语、夸张表达,更不要扫一眼标题就急着转发。如果你觉得某条信息对朋友有用,不妨先上网查一下,许多老谣言是辟过谣的,稍微一查就可以得出正确答案。

古罗马人就知道:谣言跑得越快越远,危害越大。如今,互联网上一些老谣言不断死灰复燃,跑得越来越远,产生的破坏力更强。老谣言不能光是“堵”,因其病毒式传播“堵不胜堵”;老谣言宜从源头“断”,如政府强监管、造谣者收手、转发者警惕等多方合力,尽可能从源头切断一些老谣言的传播渠道,就给信息安全多筑牢几道堤坝。

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