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读书有方法 也讲究艺术

2017-09-05 05:16:47   中国青年网

《读书的方法与艺术》中国图书评论学会 编 人民出版社

【编书者说】

“国际阅读学会”报告称,阅读能力的高低直接影响到一个国家和民族的未来。目前,全民阅读正在如火如荼地开展,已经蔚然成风。全民阅读活动能否开展好,一方面离不开品种丰富、质量上乘的各类优秀出版物,这是阅读的客体、基础与前提;另一方面也离不开科学有效的阅读方法与良好的阅读习惯,这是阅读的工具与武器。虽然,目前我国每年出版的图书多达三四十万种,然而,能够指导广大读者如何读书的有用、实用、好用的阅读指导类图书并不多。作为《新华文摘》杂志读书与传媒专栏编辑,遍读并选摘读书方面的文章是我工作的一项内容。我深知,那些谈论读书的雅文,如漆黑雨夜透出窗外的一缕暖暖的灯光,又如寒冷冬夜室内燃烧的火炉,可以给人带来温暖与力量,能够为人指明前途与方向。于是,我萌生了策划出版一本关于名家大师漫谈读书的小书的念头。

《读书的方法与艺术》集中收录了鲁迅、邓拓、老舍、冯友兰、杨绛、顾颉刚、汤一介、张炜、楼宇烈、陈平原以及王安忆等24位名家大师漫谈读书的美文。这些作者人生阅历丰富、经历各异、著述颇丰,具有很好的代表性。24篇美文,或论述读书的重要性,或讲述自己的读书经历,或谈论读书的方法,或分享读书的感受与体会,内容丰富,可读性很强。这些文章所具有的正能量、劝人向书的精神,无疑为当下社会增添了一抹醉人的新绿,又为当今读屏甚于读书的社会风气吹来一阵涤荡的新风。

读书是有方法的。读书的首要问题是读什么书的问题。不妨撷取以下诸位名家大师,且看他们怎么说。楼宇烈先生认为,我们现在读书,如果从中国传统的图书分类来讲,那就是经史子集都要读一点,不能只读这个不读那个,总的来讲是通过这样一些阅读来开阔我们的眼界,改变我们的性情,增长我们的智慧。陈平原先生认为,读书一要读没有实际功用的诗歌、小说、散文、戏剧等,二要关注跟今人的生活血肉相连的现当代文学,三是必须有自家的生活体验做底色,不至于读死书,读书死。张炜先生认为要看“老书”,“老书”是当家的书,是能够传之久远的书,是时间留下来的金块。易中天先生认为,读书如择偶,要学会选书,先要多读书,所谓观千剑而后识器,因此,初读书的时候最好什么书都读,不要才见了一个便忙不迭地“定了终身”。无独有偶,朱光潜先生也曾说过:“你玩索的作品愈多,种类愈复杂,风格愈纷歧,你的比较资料愈丰富,透视愈正确,你的鉴别力也就愈可靠。”由此观之,读书要尽量广博,要读经典作品,要关注现实生活,要结合自身的社会阅历与人身体验,精挑细选,不能太功利。

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