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全国八成初中生 在学良渚文化

2017-09-05 02:26:41   中国青年网

“良渚文化遗址于1936年在浙江余杭良渚首次被发掘。已发掘的良渚文化遗址分布于长江中下游地区,主要在太湖流域,距今约四五千年……”

这个9月,全国各地初一学生们,打开新发下来的人教版全国统编《中国历史》教科书(七年级上册),会在第11页上看到关于良渚文化的详尽介绍,讲述出土的各类遗存,和遗址对证实中华文明的起源发展多元一体特征的意义,还选登了四张照片——良渚出土的玉璧、玉钺、刻符罐和玉琮。

钱报记者从杭州良渚遗址管理区管委会(良管委)获悉,这是良渚文化第四次被写入中学历史类教科书,也是所占篇幅最大的一次。这也意味着,全国80%以上的初一学生将通过课本了解到良渚考古对于中国历史的深远意义。

2007年以前,中学的历史教科书上从未提到过良渚文化。为何2007年以后,良渚能够四入教科书?梳理一下时间线,就会发现良渚文化走入教科书的脚步,正是紧随着一次次重大考古发现,让良渚文化一次次惊艳世界——

2007年,良渚古城的发现,改变了学界对良渚文化只是“文明曙光”的既有认识——原来,这是一个早已走入了成熟阶段的史前文明。也是在这一年,在2008年八年级《历史与社会》上册的有关章节中,加入了“在长江下游的浙江良渚遗址中,出土了许多象征权力的玉器”的文字表述,并刊用了“玉琮”图片,实现了良渚文化进入教科书的“零突破”;

2009年,在《历史与社会》再版印刷时,“良渚”两字与牛河梁、半坡、大汶口、河姆渡一起写在“中国境内氏族聚落重要遗址分布”的地图上;

2011年,在七年级《中国历史》上册中,增加了“浙江余杭的良渚遗址群,距今四五千年,考古学家在这里发现了村落、古城、祭坛等遗址,出土了大量精美的玉器”等文字,并配发了良渚遗址出土的玉琮、玉璧两枚特种邮票图片;

“2014年,我们获悉全国的历史等教科书要进行统编。有专家建议,良渚文化这些年有了新的进展,不妨深入地进行介绍,对知识点进行更新。”良管委办公室副主任谢国旗说,良管委主动与历史教科书编撰委员会取得联系,把“良渚文化”在研究、发掘领域的新成果进行对接。

2015年,良渚文化考古又迎来重大发现——在余杭彭公发现了良渚古城的外围水利工程。这是中国最早水利工程、世界最早水坝系统,证实良渚古城具有完整都城结构,是同时期世界上功能系统保存最完整的都城之一。

“也是这一年,我们邀请到编委会的两位主编和一位编辑,到良渚博物院、古城遗址现场踏看,对文物本体、各遗址点进行仔细考察。”谢主任说,随后两位主编重新对“良渚文化”的内容进行了扩充,并与国家文物局进行了协调。最终,在2016版《中国历史》(七年级上册)教科书中,图文并茂地大篇幅介绍了良渚文化。

去年开始,新版《中国历史》教科书首先在北京海淀区、无锡市、武汉市、乌鲁木齐市试用。2017年新学年起,全国绝大部分省市开始统一使用,全国80%以上(每年约1400万)的初中部学生,都将从中了解、知晓良渚文化。

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