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扶贫减贫的中国智慧

2017-09-04 08:50:52   央广网

贫困是人类社会发展进程中一直存在的现象,如何使扶贫资源更好聚焦贫困人口是一个世界性难题。改革开放以来,中国通过政府主导的大规模扶贫开发,让数亿农村贫困人口摆脱贫困,成为全球首个实现联合国千年发展目标、贫困人口减半的国家,创造了世界扶贫减贫史上的中国奇迹。党的十八大以来,以习近平同志为核心的党中央提出并系统阐释了精准扶贫思想,作出并积极践行到2020年“我国现行标准下农村贫困人口实现脱贫,贫困县全部摘帽”的庄严承诺,大力推进精准扶贫精准脱贫。在精准扶贫精准脱贫的“精耕细作”下,2013—2016年,我国累计有5564万农村贫困人口摆脱了贫困。精准扶贫精准脱贫彰显了超强的国家治理能力,也为世界扶贫减贫贡献了中国智慧、为人类包容性发展作出了中国贡献。

贵在精准,重在精准,成败之举在于精准。习近平同志指出,“扶贫开发推进到今天这样的程度,贵在精准,重在精准,成败之举在于精准”。坚持精准扶贫精准脱贫,关键是实现“六个精准”:扶持对象精准、项目安排精准、资金使用精准、措施到户精准、因村派人精准、脱贫成效精准。为此,改进扶贫方式,从大水漫灌式的扶贫方式向更加注重“精准滴灌、靶向治疗”转变。建立稳定脱贫的长效机制,坚持扶贫开发与经济社会发展相互促进、与生态环境保护并驾齐驱、与社会保障有效衔接,精准帮扶与集中连片特困地区开发紧密结合,解决扶贫与经济发展脱节的问题。严格建档立卡制度,摸清贫困人口底数,坚持因人因地施策、因贫困原因施策、因贫困类型施策,在精准推进上下实功,在精准落地上见实效。

扶贫同扶志、扶智相结合,以“精神脱贫”深化精准扶贫。习近平同志指出,要注重扶贫同扶志、扶智相结合。扶贫先扶志。坚持开发式扶贫方针,把发展作为解决贫困问题的根本途径,把扶贫同扶志结合起来,引导贫困群众依靠自己的勤劳双手实现脱贫致富。扶贫必扶智。让贫困地区的孩子们接受良好教育,是扶贫开发的重要任务,也是阻断贫困代际传递的重要途径。党的十八大以来,我国坚持教育经费继续向贫困地区倾斜、向基础教育倾斜、向职业教育倾斜,帮助贫困地区改善办学条件,努力让贫困地区的每一个孩子都能接受良好教育,实现德智体美全面发展,成为社会有用之才。

打好硬仗,加快推进深度贫困地区脱贫攻坚。习近平同志指出,脱贫攻坚本来就是一场硬仗,深度贫困地区脱贫攻坚更是这场硬仗中的硬仗,必须给予更加集中的支持,采取更加有效的举措,开展更加有力的工作。越到脱贫攻坚的后期,难度就越大,因为剩下的大都是条件较差、基础较弱、贫困程度较深的地区和群众。为加快推进深度贫困地区脱贫攻坚,以解决突出制约问题为重点,以重大扶贫工程和到村到户帮扶措施为抓手,以补短板为突破口。加大投入支持力度,新增脱贫攻坚资金主要用于深度贫困地区,新增脱贫攻坚项目主要布局于深度贫困地区,新增脱贫攻坚举措主要集中于深度贫困地区。

动员和汇聚全社会力量广泛参与,着力构建大扶贫格局。扶贫开发是全党全社会的共同责任,要动员和汇聚全社会力量广泛参与。习近平同志强调,坚持党政一把手负总责的工作责任制,坚持专项扶贫、行业扶贫、社会扶贫等多方力量、多种举措有机结合和互为支撑的“三位一体”大扶贫格局。以精准扶贫理念为引领,构建政府、社会、市场协同推进的大扶贫格局,建立跨地区、跨部门、跨单位和全社会共同参与的社会扶贫体系,最大限度调动当地群众的积极性,变“你来扶贫”为“我要脱贫”,变“要我发展”为“我要发展”。各地在构建大扶贫格局中,促进扶贫开发与基层组织建设有机结合,有效发挥了基层党组织在带领群众脱贫致富中的战斗堡垒作用。

(作者为《群众》杂志社副总编辑、江苏省中国特色社会主义理论体系研究中心研究员)

《 人民日报 》( 2017年09月04日 07 版)

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