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低于成本价排挤对手也是不正当竞争

2017-09-04 08:25:57   中国青年网

本报讯(记者谢文英)“经营者不得以排挤竞争对手为目的,以低于成本的价格销售产品”,这条写于反不正当竞争法中的内容在该法修订草案二审稿中被删除了。多位参加第十二届全国人大常委会第二十九次会议的全国人大常委会委员近日在审议该草案时提出质疑,建议恢复条款,或者补充兜底条款。

吴晓灵委员说,最近一段时间,由于共享单车无序投放和竞争给社会带来一些问题,企业在发展过程中不计成本地砸钱,挤掉一些小资本、小企业的发展空间,这种现象不值得鼓励。这种不计成本竞相投入生产,本身也是对社会资源的一种浪费。依法淘汰过剩产能一个很重要的原则就是,一个企业如果长期不能在财务上可持续的话,不应该占用社会的资源。

鉴于此,吴晓灵提出两点建议:首先,不要让资本太任性,不要让大资本过分地挤兑小资本。第二,要合理地、细水长流地利用我们的社会资源,而不能让资本这样任性地去挥霍社会资源。从这两点出发,吴晓灵认为,不具备社会支配地位的企业,用低于成本的价格去排挤竞争对手,也是一种不正当竞争,建议法律委考虑能否恢复该条款。

“无论是现在的一些共享类经济竞争领域,还是一些地域企业与外地企业的经营竞争中,以低价竞争排挤其他企业、外地企业等行为,都给市场竞争和市场秩序带来了非常严重的后果,也影响消费者的选择权和利益。”王刚委员说。

实际上,在市场中为了排挤对手以低于成本价销售的行为比比皆是,而且这些行为的实施者往往是大企业,受害者往往是中小企业。王刚表示,反不正当竞争法一个关键内容就是明确界定不正当竞争行为。以排挤对手为目的的低价销售行为是最明显的不正当竞争行为,草案里反倒不说了。

“在草案一审稿中,尽管对不正当竞争行为规定得不是很全面,但是有一个兜底条款,就是第15条,针对第2条规定的一个授权,国务院有关部门对不清楚的可以提出认定。这次我们把第15条删除了,问题就来了,就没有兜底了。”王刚说,既然没有兜底,那么草案对不正当竞争行为的规定就要仔细斟酌,要规定得比较全面,否则就要漏。现实中遇到的问题就会失去认定依据。

对此,王刚建议草案对不正当竞争行为有更详细的规定,或者把第15条的意思换一种方式在这里表达,因为无论怎么规定可能都不会非常全面,有一个兜底也是合理的。

据有关部门回应,删除“经营者不得以排挤竞争对手为目的,以低于成本的价格销售产品”及第15条,是因为反垄断法中已作出相应规定。对此,吴晓灵认为两件事不可替代:首先,在市场当中,以排挤竞争对手为目的低于成本价销售产品的企业有些还是在初期阶段,还未必具备了市场垄断地位,未必具备了价格的支配地位,但是它给社会带来的影响比较大。

“市场越开放,竞争越激烈,倾销与反倾销的斗争也就越频发,各个国家都利用反倾销、反补贴来保护本民族的产业,维护国内国际正常贸易秩序。在反垄断法里面有一条,对没有正当理由以低价销售产品这种行为是要进行反垄断调查的,但是倾销是发生在垄断前的行为,垄断是倾销可能形成的结果。因此在反不正当竞争法里没有反倾销,我觉得这部法律是不完备的。”全国人大财政经济委员会委员欧阳昌琼也对此表示遗憾。

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