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“核心是规范具有支配地位的互联网公司”

2017-09-02 09:20:56   中国青年网

“这几年网络引擎技术竞争激烈,使得网络搜索功能良莠不分、参差不齐,引发了各种各样的悲剧。”8月29日上午,在十二届全国人大常委会第二十九次会议对反不正当竞争法修订草案进行的分组审议上,张平委员如是说。

当天的分组审议中,针对反不正当竞争法第12条“经营者利用网络从事生产经营活动,应当遵守本法的各项规定”,委员们展开了热议。

据了解,本次修订草案第12条,增加了互联网不正当竞争行为条款,规定经营者不得利用技术手段在互联网领域从事影响用户选择、干扰其他经营者正常经营的行为,并列举了四类行为。

这四类行为包括:未经同意,在其他经营者合法提供的网络产品或者服务中插入链接,强制进行目标跳转;误导、欺骗、强迫用户修改、关闭、卸载他人合法提供的网络产品或者服务;干扰或者破坏他人合法提供的网络产品或者服务的正常运行;恶意对其他经营者合法提供的网络产品或者服务实施不兼容。

对此,张平委员建议再增加一项对网络搜索引擎技术的规范。

“特别是涉及学校、医院、商品、公司、产品排名的词条,基本上是谁给的钱多谁排在前面。排在词条最前面的几十位都可能是冒牌货,稍不注意,一点进去就会落入圈套,给消费者造成重大损失。”对于互联网上出现的这种情况,张平委员建议在禁止性规定中再增加一项:“网络搜索引擎等功能以营利为目的,采取隐瞒、不公正的手段以次充好、以假充真,甚至兜售伪劣商品,成为网络陷阱,把消费者引入歧途,造成重大损失的行为。”

针对“经营者不得利用技术手段”的规定,辜胜阻委员认为,更核心的问题是具有市场支配地位或者具有垄断地位的互联网公司,使用不正当竞争手段,对消费者利益的损害。

“我觉得现在有些互联网公司利用的不是技术手段,而主要是靠它的市场支配地位或者垄断地位,再加上技术手段来做的。小公司就算利用技术手段,我也可以不选它,但在市场上具有支配地位的互联网公司就不同了,这些公司对消费者利益的损害也更大。”辜胜阻委员说。

目前,在生产经营领域和其他社会经济领域都存在的一些违法行为,实际涉及了多方责任。因此,除了提供技术平台,网络运营商的监控责任也成了关注焦点。

“比如打开网页,广告强制性地就出来了,点任何地方广告都跳出来,这是网络的运营平台强迫消费者或公众接受广告。”郑功成委员表示,第12条应该增加有关网络运营商的责任,在法律责任中也不单纯是惩罚不正当竞争的经营者,还应包括协助开展不正当竞争的,或者为不正当竞争提供便利的经营者,特别是网络运营商,也应该有相应的处罚。

黄小晶委员指出,现在我国的网络经济以及在网络销售方面已经在逐步发生颠覆性的变化,在网络的购买服务经营活动方面,反不正当竞争法似乎发挥的余地还比较小。

“还很难设想今后如果继续发展网上销售,还有没有更多的颠覆性的、革命性的变革,我们应当如何去防范将来的风险,如何去维护消费者的合法权益。”黄小晶委员表示,当前通过技术衍进,从使用支付宝或者微信支付,逐步地发展到无人超市,以至于刷脸就可以解决所有问题。“下一步还不知道会发生什么样的革命性的变化,所以这一块要有一个比较大的空间预留。”黄小晶委员建议说。

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